StrongerBible

ḥavaq

חָבַק

HebrewH2263embrace, clasp, ...

Appears 13 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Gen 29:13Gen 33:4Gen 48:102Ki 4:16Job 24:8Pro 4:8Pro 5:20Ecc 3:5 (2×)Ecc 4:5Sng 2:6Sng 8:3Lam 4:5
Root family
Word studykhah-VAKverb

What ḥavaq means

to embrace: to wrap the arms around someone or something and hold them close

TranslatabilityApproximateCertaintySettled

At its core this verb names a physical act: wrapping the arms around another and holding them close. It runs from the warm greeting embrace, as when Laban and later Esau run out to meet Jacob and throw their arms around him, to the lover's embrace in the Song of Songs, where the beloved's right arm holds the speaker close.

The word stretches well beyond affection, though. It can name desperate clinging: the poor in Job press themselves against a rock for lack of any other shelter, and the once-pampered in Lamentations clutch at ash heaps. It works figuratively too. Proverbs urges the reader to take hold of wisdom and hold her close, and in the same breath warns against clasping a stranger's body in adultery.

The same clasping gesture turned on oneself becomes a picture of idleness: the fool "folds his hands" and so eats his own flesh, that is, ruins himself by doing nothing. So one Hebrew word covers the whole range of clasping the arms, whether around a loved one, a rock, an idea, or one's own idle hands. A near neighbor is דָּבַק, which is less about the arms and more about sticking fast or staying loyally attached.

Nuances

1ato embrace in affection or greeting: to throw the arms around a person
TranslatabilityDirect
Gen 29:13Gen 33:4Gen 48:102Ki 4:16Ecc 3:5 (2×)
1bto embrace a lover: the intimate clasp of romantic or sexual union
TranslatabilityDirect
Pro 5:20Sng 2:6Sng 8:3
1cto cling to or clutch for shelter: to press oneself against something out of destitution
Job 24:8Lam 4:5
1dto embrace figuratively: to take hold of and stay attached to something valued
Pro 4:8
1eto fold the hands: to clasp one's own hands together as a picture of idleness
Ecc 4:5

What scholars say about ḥavaq

The lexicons (BDB, HALOT) treat חבק as a single verb meaning to embrace or clasp, attested in both the qal and the piel with no difference in basic sense. The piel gathers the affectionate and erotic embraces (Genesis 29:13; 33:4; 48:10; Song of Songs 2:6; 8:3; Proverbs 4:8; 5:20) as well as the clinging of the destitute (Job 24:8; Lamentations 4:5), while the qal covers the general act (Ecclesiastes 3:5), the holding of a child (2 Kings 4:16), and the fool's folded hands (Ecclesiastes 4:5), the last a fixed idiom for slothful inactivity also reflected in TWOT. The range from tender embrace through desperate clinging to idle hand-folding is treated as one polysemous verb rather than as separate homonyms.

Sources

  • HALOT, s.v. חבקlexicon
  • BDB, s.v. חבקlexicon
  • TWOT (Harris, Archer, Waltke), s.v. חבקreference

All attested forms of חָבַק

piel consecutive-imperfect 3ms

וַיְחַבְּקֵ, וַיְחַבֵּק, וַיְחַבֶּק

Gen 33:4, Gen 48:10, Gen 29:13

piel imperfect 3fs

תְּחַבְּקֵ

Sng 2:6, Sng 8:3

piel perfect 3cp

חִבְּקוּ

Job 24:8, Lam 4:5

piel conjunctive-imperfect 2ms

וּתְחַבֵּק

Pro 5:20

piel imperfect 2ms

תְחַבְּקֶ

Pro 4:8

piel infinitive-construct construct

חַבֵּק

Ecc 3:5

qal infinitive-construct construct

חֲבוֹק

Ecc 3:5

qal participle f s absolute

חֹבֶקֶת

2Ki 4:16

qal participle m s absolute

חֹבֵק

Ecc 4:5