StrongerBible

davaq

דָּבַק

HebrewH1692cleave, cling, ...

Appears 54 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Gen 2:24Gen 19:19Gen 31:23Gen 34:3Num 36:7Num 36:9Deu 10:20Deu 11:22Deu 13:4(5)Deu 13:17(18)Deu 28:21Deu 28:60Deu 30:20Jos 22:5Jos 23:8Jos 23:12Jdg 18:22Jdg 20:42Jdg 20:45Rut 1:14Rut 2:8Rut 2:21Rut 2:231Sa 14:221Sa 31:22Sa 1:62Sa 20:22Sa 23:101Ki 11:22Ki 3:32Ki 5:272Ki 18:61Ch 10:2Job 19:20Job 29:10Job 31:7Job 38:38Job 41:17(9)Job 41:23(15)Psa 22:15(16)Psa 44:25(26)Psa 63:8(9)Psa 101:3Psa 102:5(6)Psa 119:25Psa 119:31Psa 137:6Jer 13:11 (2×)Jer 42:16Lam 4:4
Root family
Word studyda-VAKverb

What davaq means

to stick fast to something and not let go: to cling, hold tight, or stay glued

TranslatabilityPartialCertaintySettled

At its root this word describes one thing sticking fast to another so that the two will not come apart: a tongue glued to the roof of a dry mouth, scales locked together, a hand frozen onto a sword. Every other use grows out of that single physical picture, which is why one plain word can stretch so far.

From sticking, it moves to people. To cling to someone is to attach yourself to them and refuse to be pried away, whether out of love, loyalty, or need. That is the word for a husband joined to his wife and for Ruth refusing to leave Naomi.

The Bible's deepest use turns that loyalty toward God: to hold fast to the LORD is to stay attached to him with the same stubborn closeness, the opposite of drifting off after other gods. The same closeness can be dangerous, though. A pursuer who sticks to his quarry catches and destroys it, and a curse, a disease, or a sin can cling to a person just as tightly as devotion does.

Nuances

1ato stick or adhere physically, of one object or body part fastened to another
Job 19:20Job 29:10Job 31:7Job 38:38Job 41:17(9)Job 41:23(15)Psa 22:15(16)Psa 44:25(26)Psa 102:5(6)Psa 119:25Psa 137:6Lam 4:4
1bto cling to a person out of love, loyalty, or need; to attach oneself and not leave
Gen 2:24Gen 34:3Num 36:7Num 36:9Jos 23:12Rut 1:14Rut 2:8Rut 2:21Rut 2:232Sa 20:21Ki 11:2
1cto hold fast to the LORD: to stay loyally attached to God rather than drifting after other gods
Deu 10:20Deu 11:22Deu 13:4(5)Deu 30:20Jos 22:5Jos 23:82Ki 18:6Psa 63:8(9)Psa 119:31Jer 13:11 (2×)
1dto press hard after someone in pursuit and overtake them; to stick close on the heels of
Gen 31:23Jdg 18:22Jdg 20:42Jdg 20:451Sa 14:221Sa 31:22Sa 1:61Ch 10:2
1eof evil, sickness, or sin: to cling to a person and not be shaken off
Gen 19:19Deu 13:17(18)Deu 28:21Deu 28:602Ki 3:32Ki 5:27Psa 101:3Jer 42:16

What scholars say about davaq

The standard lexica (BDB, HALOT, DCH) treat dabaq as a single root with the core sense to cling, cleave, keep close, branching into physical adhesion (tongue to palate, bone to skin, hand to sword), attachment to persons (Genesis 2:24; Ruth 1:14), covenant loyalty to YHWH (the Deuteronomic cleaving formula, Deuteronomy 10:20; 11:22; 30:20), pursuit overtaking an enemy (the hiphil in Judges 20:42, 45; 1 Samuel 31:2), and the clinging of evil or disease (Deuteronomy 28:21, 60; 2 Kings 5:27). TDOT and TWOT highlight the Deuteronomic and covenantal use, where clinging to YHWH stands as the positive counterpart to going after other gods, and note the marriage analogy in Genesis 2:24 picked up in the New Testament through Greek kollao.

Sources

  • BDB, s.v. דָּבַקlexicon
  • HALOT, s.v. דבקlexicon
  • DCH, s.v. דבקlexicon
  • G. Wallis, "דָּבַק dābaq," TDOT 3:79-84theological-dictionary
  • Earl S. Kalland, "דָּבַק (dābaq)," TWOT 1:177-178theological-dictionary

All attested forms of דָּבַק

qal perfect 3fs

דָּבְקָה, דָּבֵקָה

Rut 1:14, Job 19:20, Psa 44:25, Psa 63:8, Psa 102:5, Psa 119:25, Job 29:10

hiphil consecutive-imperfect 3mp

וַיַּדְבְּקוּ, וַיַּדְבִּיקוּ

1Sa 14:22, 1Sa 31:2, 1Ch 10:2, Jdg 18:22, Jdg 20:45

qal imperfect 3fs

תִּדְבַּק, תִּדְבָּק, תִּדְבָּקַ

2Ki 5:27, Psa 137:6, Ezk 29:4, Gen 19:19

qal imperfect 3ms

יִדְבַּק

Deu 13:17, Psa 101:3, Jer 13:11, Jer 42:16

qal perfect 3ms

דָּבַק, דָּבֵק

1Ki 11:2, Job 31:7, Lam 4:4, 2Ki 3:3

qal consecutive-imperfect 3fs

וַתִּדְבַּק

Gen 34:3, Rut 2:23, 2Sa 23:10

qal infinitive-construct construct

דָבְקָה

Deu 11:22, Deu 30:20, Jos 22:5

pual imperfect 3mp

יְדֻבָּקוּ

Job 38:38, Job 41:17

qal imperfect 2fs

תִּדְבָּקִי

Rut 2:8, Rut 2:21

qal imperfect 2mp

תִּדְבָּקוּ

Deu 13:4, Jos 23:8

qal imperfect 3mp

יִדְבְּקוּ

Num 36:7, Num 36:9

qal perfect 3cp

דָבֵקוּ, דָּבְקוּ

Job 41:23, 2Sa 20:2

hiphil consecutive-imperfect 3ms

וַיַּדְבֵּק

Gen 31:23

hiphil consecutive-perfect 1cs

וְהִדְבַּקְתִּי

Ezk 29:4

hiphil imperfect 1cs

אַדְבִּיק

Ezk 3:26

hiphil jussive 3ms

יַדְבֵּק

Deu 28:21

hiphil perfect 1cs

הִדְבַּקְתִּי

Jer 13:11

hiphil perfect 3cp

הִדְבִּקֻ

2Sa 1:6

hiphil perfect 3fs

הִדְבִּיקָתְ

Jdg 20:42

hophal passive-participle m s absolute

מֻדְבָּק

Psa 22:15

qal consecutive-imperfect 3ms

וַיִּדְבַּק

2Ki 18:6

qal consecutive-perfect 2mp

וּדְבַקְתֶּם

Jos 23:12

qal consecutive-perfect 3cp

וְדָבְקוּ

Deu 28:60

qal consecutive-perfect 3ms

וְדָבַק

Gen 2:24

qal imperfect 2ms

תִדְבָּק

Deu 10:20

qal perfect 1cs

דָּבַקְתִּי

Psa 119:31