StrongerBible

zenut

זְנוּת

HebrewH2184whoredom, unfaithfulness, ...

Appears 9 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Num 14:33Jer 3:2Jer 3:9Jer 13:27Ezk 23:27Ezk 43:7Ezk 43:9Hos 4:11Hos 6:10
Root family
Word studyzeh-NOOTnoun

What zenut means

promiscuous sexual immorality, used above all as a picture of unfaithfulness to God

TranslatabilityApproximateCertaintySettled

At its root this word means promiscuity: giving oneself sexually where one has no right to. But in the Hebrew Bible it is almost never a report of ordinary sexual sin. The prophets seize the image and turn it on the nation: Israel bound to God like a wife to a husband, then chasing after other gods like a woman chasing other men.

So the word carries two layers at once. On the surface is the physical act of harlotry; underneath, and usually in view, is the deeper betrayal it stands for, worship of idols and reliance on foreign powers instead of trust in God. When Jeremiah says the land was polluted with her whoredom, or Ezekiel condemns a whoredom carried all the way from Egypt, the sexual language is doing the work of an accusation about loyalty.

The same word therefore reaches from a body to a covenant. It is close kin to the verb זָנָה, "to play the harlot," and to two other nouns for the same failure, תַּזְנוּת and זְנוּנִים; the prophets also set it beside נִאֻף, "adultery," the breaking of a marriage already made.

Nuances

1aillicit sexual behavior; promiscuity as a physical act
TranslatabilityDirect
Hos 4:11
1bunfaithfulness to God pictured as harlotry, above all in idolatry
Num 14:33Jer 3:2Jer 3:9Jer 13:27Ezk 23:27Ezk 43:7Ezk 43:9Hos 6:10

What scholars say about zenut

The standard lexica (BDB; HALOT, s.v. זְנוּת; DCH) define the noun as "fornication, whoredom," an abstract formation on the root znh, and note that its attested uses cluster in the prophets as a metaphor for covenant infidelity, chiefly idolatry. The reference works on znh (Erlandsson, TDOT; the NIDOTTE entry on the root) trace the semantic development from literal illicit sexual behavior to the settled prophetic figure in which apostate Israel is the promiscuous wife, a trope developed most fully in Hosea, Jeremiah 2 to 3, and the Oholah/Oholibah allegory of Ezekiel 23. The near-synonyms taznut (H8457) and zenunim (H2183) share this range, taznut being especially favored by Ezekiel; niuph (H5004), "adultery," is the tighter term for violating an existing marriage and is frequently paired with it.

Sources

  • HALOT, s.v. זְנוּתlexicon
  • BDB, s.v. זְנוּתlexicon
  • DCH, s.v. זְנוּתlexicon
  • S. Erlandsson, "זנה", in TDOTdictionary
  • NIDOTTE, entry on the root זנהdictionary

All attested forms of זְנוּת

f s absolute

זְנוּת

Hos 4:11, Hos 6:10

f s construct

זְנוּתֵךְ

Jer 13:27, Ezk 23:27

f s construct

זְנוּתָם

Ezk 43:7, Ezk 43:9

f s construct

זְנוּתָהּ

Jer 3:9

m p construct

זְנוּתַיִךְ

Jer 3:2

m p construct

זְנוּתֵיכֶם

Num 14:33