length: how far something extends, whether across space, across time, or (in one fixed phrase) in patience
At its core this word names one plain thing: how far something reaches from end to end. Most of the time that is a physical measurement. The Bible uses it to size the great built things of Israel's worship and history, almost always paired with width and often height: the ark Noah builds, the bronze altar, the boards and curtains of the tabernacle, Solomon's temple, and Ezekiel's vision of a future temple measured cubit by cubit. In these places the word is as concrete as a measuring rod.
From that spatial sense Hebrew builds two settled figures of speech. "Length of days" stretches the idea of distance over time: a long life, or a span that simply goes on and on. "Length of nose" (the nose being where Hebrew locates flaring anger) means a long fuse, the self restraint that holds back from lashing out. In both, the underlying picture is unchanged. Something extends a long way; only what is being measured has shifted from a beam of wood to a lifetime or a temper.
So this is one word, not several. The senses below are the same idea of extent reaching into different domains, which is why English needs different words (length, long life, patience) to carry it across.