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emer

אֵמֶר

HebrewH0561word, saying, ...

Appears 49 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Gen 49:21Num 24:4Num 24:16Deu 32:1Jos 24:27Jdg 5:29Job 6:10Job 6:25Job 6:26Job 8:2Job 20:29Job 22:22Job 23:12Job 32:12Job 32:14Job 33:3Job 34:37Psa 5:1(2)Psa 19:14(15)Psa 54:2(4)Psa 141:6Pro 1:21Pro 2:1Pro 2:16Pro 4:10Pro 4:20Pro 7:1Pro 7:5Pro 17:27Pro 19:7Pro 22:21Isa 41:26
Word studyEH-mernoun

What emer means

a spoken word or saying: what someone puts into speech

TranslatabilityPartialCertaintySettled

This is a poetic word for speech itself, the actual words that come out of a person's mouth. It belongs almost entirely to the poetry and wisdom books (Job, Psalms, Proverbs), where it usually appears in the plural, sayings, for the things a person says.

Its meaning does not really shift from speaker to speaker; what shifts is who is talking. Sometimes the words are an ordinary person's, sometimes a wise teacher's instruction, and sometimes they are God's own words handed on by a prophet or psalmist. The two senses below sort the occurrences by that simple question, who is speaking, because the weight of the word changes completely when the speaker is God: the same plain term for everyday speech becomes the vehicle for revelation and command.

Because it is a poetic term, it often stands in step with the more common words for speech, where one line says words and the next says speech or mouth, two ways of naming the same thing for the sake of the rhythm.

Nuances

1athe words a person speaks: human speech, sayings, the instruction of a teacher
Gen 49:21Jdg 5:29Job 6:25Job 6:26Job 8:2Job 22:22Job 32:12Job 32:14Job 33:3Job 34:37Psa 5:1(2)Psa 19:14(15)
1bthe words of God: what God says, his revelation, counsel, and commands
Num 24:4Num 24:16Deu 32:1Jos 24:27Job 6:10Job 20:29Job 23:12Psa 107:11Psa 138:4

What scholars say about emer

The standard lexica (BDB; HALOT) treat אֵמֶר as a poetic byform alongside אֹמֶר (H0562) and the feminine אִמְרָה (H0565), all built on the root אמר "to say," with the consistent sense "utterance, word, speech." The term is concentrated in Job, Psalms, and Proverbs and is almost always plural; it is not analyzed as homonymous. DCH catalogs the same distribution and the regular parallelism with דָּבָר and פֶּה. The only genuine ambiguity is referential, not lexical: whether a given instance denotes human speech or the words of God, which is determined by context (e.g. Num 24:4, 16; Ps 107:11), not by a separate sense of the noun.

Sources

  • BDB, s.v. אֵמֶרlexicon
  • HALOT, s.v. אֵמֶרlexicon
  • DCH, s.v. אֵמֶרlexicon

All attested forms of אֵמֶר

m p construct

אִמְרֵי

Gen 49:21, Num 24:4, Num 24:16, Deu 32:1, Jos 24:27, Job 6:10, Job 6:25, Job 6:26

m p construct

אֲמָרָי, אֲמָרַי

Job 33:3, Pro 2:1, Pro 4:10, Pro 7:1, Psa 5:1, Psa 141:6, Pro 4:20

m p construct

אֲמָרֶיהָ

Jdg 5:29, Pro 1:21, Pro 2:16, Pro 7:5

m p construct

אֲמָרָיו

Job 22:22, Job 32:12, Job 34:37, Pro 17:27

m p absolute

אֲמָרִים

Pro 19:7, Pro 22:21

m p construct

אִמְרֵיכֶם

Job 32:14, Isa 41:26

m s construct

אִמְרוֹ

Job 20:29