StrongerBible

ulay

אוּלַי

HebrewH0194perhaps, peradventure, ...

Appears 45 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Gen 16:2Gen 18:24Gen 18:28Gen 18:29Gen 18:30Gen 18:31Gen 18:32Gen 24:5Gen 24:39Gen 27:12Gen 32:20(21)Gen 43:12Exo 32:30
Word studyoo-LAH-eeadverb

What ulay means

perhaps: a marker that what follows is possible but not certain, leaving the outcome genuinely open

TranslatabilityApproximateCertaintySettled

This is Hebrew's ordinary word for "perhaps." It tells the listener that what comes next is really possible but not guaranteed, so the outcome stays open. Most often a speaker uses it to hold out a hoped-for result as the reason for acting or praying: do this, and perhaps the good thing will follow.

The very same word can just as easily flag a possibility the speaker dreads or is guarding against. The word itself stays neutral. Whether it leans toward hope or toward fear is decided by the situation, not by the word, so the reader has to feel the direction from the surrounding lines.

Because it keeps the result open, it often carries real weight. A "perhaps the LORD will hear" is a genuine, unguaranteed hope, and translators sometimes feel the pull toward a wistful "if only." That fuller wish is carried more directly by other Hebrew words, so here the core stays simply "perhaps." In one much-argued line, Balaam's talking donkey (Numbers 22:33), the word instead seems to work against an outcome, closer to "had she not," and scholars still debate the reading.

Nuances

1aperhaps: a possibility the speaker hopes will come true, often given as the reason for acting or praying
Gen 16:2Gen 18:24Gen 18:28Gen 18:29Gen 18:30Gen 18:31Gen 18:32Gen 32:20(21)Exo 32:30Num 22:6Num 22:11Num 23:3
1bperhaps: a possibility the speaker fears or guards against
Gen 24:5Gen 24:39Gen 27:12Gen 43:12Jos 9:7Job 1:5Jer 20:10
1cunless, had it not been: a rare and disputed use that works against an outcome rather than opening one
TranslatabilityPartialCertaintyContested
Num 22:33
Num 22:33

Whether the word keeps its usual sense ("for perhaps she turned aside") or functions here as "unless / had she not turned," introducing what would otherwise have happened.

  • majorityIt works as a counterfactual, roughly "had she not turned aside from me, I would surely have killed you," against the outcome rather than opening a possibility.; Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch, tr. Cowley), section 159; BDB, s.v. אוּלַי
  • minorityIt keeps its normal force, "for perhaps she turned aside from me," with the killing stated as the alternative that was avoided.; HALOT, s.v. אוּלַי

What scholars say about ulay

The lexica treat אוּלַי as a modal adverb meaning "perhaps, it may be that," and organize its uses pragmatically: BDB and HALOT distinguish an optimistic "perhaps" (frequently following a volitional form and expressing hope) from a "perhaps" of apprehension or misgiving, with HALOT also noting a marginal desiderative shading toward "if only." DCH concurs on the core epistemic value. The grammars (GKC section 159; Joüon-Muraoka section 167; Waltke-O'Connor, IBHS section 39) treat it among the modal particles and discuss its role in conditional and apodosis-like constructions, including the crux at Numbers 22:33, where a counterfactual "unless / had she not" reading competes with the ordinary "perhaps." The pure optative "would that" is generally assigned to distinct particles (לוּ, אַחֲלַי) rather than to this word.

Sources

  • BDB, s.v. אוּלַיlexicon
  • HALOT, s.v. אוּלַיlexicon
  • DCH, s.v. אוּלַיlexicon
  • Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch, tr. Cowley), section 159grammar
  • Joüon, P. and Muraoka, T., A Grammar of Biblical Hebrew, section 167grammar
  • Waltke, B. K. and O'Connor, M., An Introduction to Biblical Hebrew Syntax, section 39grammar

All attested forms of אוּלַי

adv

אוּלַי, אֻלַי

Gen 16:2, Gen 18:24, Gen 18:28, Gen 18:29, Gen 18:30, Gen 18:31, Gen 18:32, Gen 24:5