StrongerBible

hupsistos

ὕψιστος

GreekG5310Most High, highest

Appears 13 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Mat 21:9Mrk 5:7Mrk 11:10Luk 1:32Luk 1:35Luk 1:76Luk 2:14Luk 6:35Luk 8:28Luk 19:38Act 7:48Act 16:17Heb 7:1
Word studyHOOP-sis-tosadjective

What hupsistos means

highest, most exalted; as a title for God, "the Most High."

TranslatabilityApproximateCertaintySettled

This word is the superlative of the ordinary word for "high," so at its simplest it means "highest." In the Bible almost every use turns that plain superlative into a name for God: "the Most High," the one lifted up above every other power. It is the standard Greek stand-in for the Hebrew title "Elyon" (עֶלְיוֹן), and the New Testament, especially Luke, reaches for it whenever it wants to underline God's supremacy.

The title carries a striking edge. It is spoken not only by angels and faithful voices but by those outside the covenant. A tormented man possessed by unclean spirits calls Jesus "Son of the Most High God," and a fortune-telling slave girl announces that Paul and his companions serve "the Most High God." Even hostile or pagan lips reach for this name, because "the Most High" was widely recognized across the ancient world as a way of naming the supreme God above all lesser powers.

A handful of uses keep the plain spatial sense. In the crowd's shout "Hosanna in the highest" and the angels' song "Glory to God in the highest," the word names not God but the loftiest place, the height of heaven from which praise rises and to which it returns.

Nuances

1athe Most High: a title for God as the supremely exalted one, above every other power.
Mrk 5:7Luk 1:32Luk 1:35Luk 1:76Luk 6:35Luk 8:28Act 7:48Act 16:17Heb 7:1
1bthe highest places: the heights of heaven, in the phrase "in the highest."
Mat 21:9Mrk 11:10Luk 2:14Luk 19:38

What scholars say about hupsistos

ὕψιστος is the superlative of the ὕψος word group ("high, height"), and in Jewish and Christian Greek it functions as a fixed divine title: ὁ ὕψιστος, "the Most High." It is the standard Septuagint rendering of Hebrew עֶלְיוֹן (Elyon) and of Aramaic עִלָּיָא, and it enters the New Testament chiefly through Luke, who favors it for God's transcendence (Luke 1:32, 35, 76; 6:35; Acts 7:48; 16:17). Two of its occurrences place the full phrase "the Most High God" (ὁ θεὸς ὁ ὕψιστος) on the lips of an unclean spirit (Mark 5:7 par. Luke 8:28) and a mantic slave girl (Acts 16:17); commentators connect this to the wide currency of Theos Hypsistos as a designation for the supreme deity among Greek-speaking Jews, God-fearers, and pagans alike. The plural τὰ ὕψιστα ("the highest [heavens]") is a locative use in the acclamations of Matthew 21:9 par. Mark 11:10 and Luke 2:14; 19:38.

Sources

  • BDAG (Bauer-Danker), s.v. ὕψιστοςlexicon
  • LSJ (Liddell-Scott-Jones), s.v. ὕψιστοςlexicon
  • Georg Bertram, "ὕψος κτλ," in Theological Dictionary of the New Testament (TDNT) 8:602-620dictionary
  • Joseph A. Fitzmyer, The Gospel According to Luke I-IX, Anchor Bible 28 (1981)commentary

All attested forms of ὕψιστος

genitive m s

ὑψίστου

Mrk 5:7, Luk 1:32, Luk 1:35, Luk 1:76, Luk 6:35, Luk 8:28, Act 16:17, Heb 7:1

dative n p

ὑψίστοις

Mat 21:9, Mrk 11:10, Luk 2:14, Luk 19:38

nominative m s

ὕψιστος

Act 7:48