StrongerBible

stēkō

στήκω

GreekG4739stand firm, stand fast, ...

Appears 9 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Mrk 3:31Mrk 11:25Rom 14:41Co 16:13Gal 5:1Php 1:27Php 4:11Th 3:82Th 2:15
Word studySTAY-kohverb

What stēkō means

to stand: to be on one's feet, and by extension to hold one's ground and not give way

TranslatabilityApproximateCertaintySettled

This verb means "to stand." It began as a plain word for being on one's feet, and it grew into a favorite word for standing firm, holding your position without being knocked over. The New Testament uses it far more often in that second, figurative way than for literal posture.

The word has an unusual history worth knowing. It is a newer form built backward from an older verb, ἵστημι, the ordinary Greek word for standing, setting, and placing. The older verb had a completed form that meant "I have taken my stand, I am standing," describing a settled position. Speakers in the New Testament era reshaped that settled form into a fresh present-tense verb, this one, which carries the flavor of being already planted and staying put. It appears only in the Greek of the New Testament and later writers, never in the classical authors.

Both senses share one picture: a person upright and in place rather than fallen. When someone stands praying, they are literally on their feet. When Paul tells a church to "stand firm in the faith," he draws on the same image to mean: keep your footing, do not be moved off it. The link between being upright and being unshaken is the heart of the word.

It is a favorite of Paul's for the Christian life under pressure. Again and again he uses it as a command: hold your position in the Lord, in one spirit, in the freedom you were given. The word pictures faithfulness as staying on your feet in a fight, not as sitting still.

Nuances

1ato be on one's feet; to stand in a physical, bodily sense
TranslatabilityDirect
Mrk 3:31Mrk 11:25
1bto stand firm, hold one's ground, be steadfast
Rom 14:41Co 16:13Gal 5:1Php 1:27Php 4:11Th 3:82Th 2:15

What scholars say about stēkō

BDAG (s.v. στήκω) gives two senses under a single entry: literally to be in a standing position, and figuratively to be firmly committed in conviction or belief, stand firm. The form is a Koine present built by back-formation from ἕστηκα, the perfect of ἵστημι, whose perfect denotes the resultant state of standing; BDF (§73) treats this among new presents derived from perfect stems. Moulton and Milligan note the form's late, largely biblical attestation. Grundmann (TDNT 7, s.v. ἵστημι and cognates) traces the Pauline preference for στήκω in exhortations to steadfastness in the faith.

Sources

  • BDAG, s.v. στήκωlexicon
  • F. Blass, A. Debrunner, R. W. Funk, A Greek Grammar of the New Testament, §73grammar
  • J. H. Moulton and G. Milligan, The Vocabulary of the Greek Testament, s.v. στήκωlexicon
  • W. Grundmann, "ἵστημι κτλ.," in Theological Dictionary of the New Testament, vol. 7dictionary

All attested forms of στήκω

present active imperative 2p

στήκετε

1Co 16:13, Gal 5:1, Php 4:1, 2Th 2:15

present active indicative 2p

στήκετε

Mrk 11:25, Php 1:27, 1Th 3:8

present active indicative 3s

στήκει

Rom 14:4

present active participle nominative m p

στήκοντες

Mrk 3:31