StrongerBible

pipraskō

πιπράσκω

GreekG4097sell

Appears 9 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Mat 13:46Mat 18:25Mat 26:9Mrk 14:5Jhn 12:5Act 2:45Act 4:34Act 5:4Rom 7:14
Word studypee-PRAS-kohverb

What pipraskō means

to sell off: to part with property, or with a person, by handing it over for a price

TranslatabilityApproximateCertaintySettled

This is the verb for a sale that has gone through. Almost every time the New Testament uses it, the transaction is already finished or is being weighed as a finished thing: the merchant has sold everything he owns and bought his pearl, the field has been sold and the money is sitting in the owner's hand, the jar of perfume could have been sold for about a year's wages. The picture is not of haggling or of standing behind a stall but of goods that have changed hands, so that the seller no longer has them.

Greek had a second and more common verb for selling (πωλέω), the ordinary word for offering things in a market or a temple courtyard. English says "sell" for both, so the pairing disappears in translation. Luke puts the two side by side in one sentence in Acts 4:34: owners of land and houses kept selling, and the value of what had been sold was carried to the apostles.

What this word can do that the market verb rarely does is name a sale whose object is a human being. A debtor who cannot pay is ordered to be sold along with his wife and children, and Paul turns the same image on himself, describing a person who has been sold and now belongs to sin. That slave-market shade is the part an English reader is likeliest to walk past, because "sold" in modern English carries no memory of a human auction.

Nuances

1ato sell goods or property, so that what was owned is gone and the price is in hand
TranslatabilityDirect
Mat 13:46Mat 26:9Mrk 14:5Jhn 12:5Act 2:45Act 4:34Act 5:4
1bto sell a person into slavery, as a way of settling a debt
Mat 18:25
1cto have been sold into the ownership of a power, said as a picture rather than of a real sale
Rom 7:14

What scholars say about pipraskō

BDAG, s.v. πιπράσκω, gives two senses: to dispose of by sale, and to sell a person into slavery, treating the perfect passive participle πεπραμένος in Romans 7:14 as a figurative extension of the second. LSJ notes that in Attic the verb is defective, restricted in practice to the present and imperfect together with the perfect πέπρακα and the aorist passive ἐπράθην, with forms of ἀποδίδομαι supplying the future and aorist active; all nine New Testament occurrences fall within exactly that range of forms, while πωλέω supplies the imperatives and participles of ordinary market speech. In the Septuagint πιπράσκω regularly renders Hebrew מָכַר, including of Joseph sold into Egypt, which supplies the slave-sale background that Cranfield and Dunn assume in reading πεπραμένος ὑπὸ τὴν ἁμαρτίαν at Romans 7:14. The long-running argument over the referent of ἐγώ in Romans 7 concerns the identity of the speaker, not the lexical sense of the verb.

Sources

  • BDAG, s.v. πιπράσκωlexicon
  • LSJ, s.v. πιπράσκωlexicon
  • EDNT, s.v. πιπράσκωlexicon
  • C. E. B. Cranfield, A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Epistle to the Romans, ICC, vol. 1 (T&T Clark, 1975), on Romans 7:14commentary
  • James D. G. Dunn, Romans 1-8, WBC 38A (Word Books, 1988), on Romans 7:14commentary

All attested forms of πιπράσκω

aorist passive infinitive

πραθῆναι

Mat 18:25, Mat 26:9, Mrk 14:5

aorist passive indicative 3s

ἐπράθη

Jhn 12:5

aorist passive participle nominative n s

πραθὲν

Act 5:4

imperfect active indicative 3p

ἐπίπρασκον

Act 2:45

perfect active indicative 3s

πέπρακεν

Mat 13:46

perfect passive participle nominative m s

πεπραμένος

Rom 7:14

present passive participle genitive n p

πιπρασκομένων

Act 4:34