StrongerBible

parachrēma

παραχρῆμα

GreekG3916immediately, at once, ...

Appears 19 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Mat 21:19Mat 21:20Luk 1:64Luk 4:39Luk 5:25Luk 8:44Luk 8:47Luk 8:55Luk 13:13Luk 18:43Luk 19:11Luk 22:60Act 13:11
Compound of
Word studypa-ra-KHRAY-maadverb

What parachrēma means

at once, on the spot: at the very moment the word is spoken or the deed is done, with nothing in between.

TranslatabilityApproximateCertaintySettled

This word is practically Luke's own. Seventeen of its nineteen appearances in the New Testament are in his Gospel and in Acts, and the other two are Matthew's account of the fig tree that shriveled on the spot. It began as a phrase meaning something like "at the matter in hand" and hardened into a single word for the very moment something takes effect.

Luke uses it to fasten a result to the word or the act that caused it, so that no gap can be imagined in between.

  • A lame man is pulled to his feet, and his ankles grow strong at once (Acts 3:7).
  • A bent woman is touched, and she straightens up at once (Luke 13:13).
  • A king takes the crowd's flattery instead of giving God the glory, and the blow falls at once (Acts 12:23).

That is what separates it from εὐθέως, the far more common word English Bibles also render "immediately." Mark strings that word through his story so relentlessly that it often means little more than "and the next thing was," and the habit has worn its edge down. Luke's word does not slide that way. It keeps pointing at the instant itself, which is why it gathers in scenes of healing and of judgment rather than being spread evenly through the story.

One use stands apart from the rest. In Luke 19:11 nothing has happened yet: Jesus is close to Jerusalem, the people with him expect the kingdom of God to appear at once, and the story he tells in reply stretches the waiting out. There the word carries an expectation about timing rather than a result already in hand.

Nuances

1aof a cure or a restoration: taking hold at the moment the word is spoken or the touch is given.
Luk 1:64Luk 4:39Luk 5:25Luk 8:44Luk 8:47Luk 8:55Luk 13:13Luk 18:43Act 3:7Act 9:18
1bof a judgment: landing on the spot, with no reprieve between the offense or the sentence and the blow.
Mat 21:19Mat 21:20Act 5:10Act 12:23Act 13:11
1cof an event or a response: following with no gap at all on what has just been said or done.
Luk 22:60Act 16:26Act 16:33
1dof something expected: arriving at once, with no interval of waiting.
Luk 19:11
Luk 19:11

What Luke is doing when he reports, in these words, an expectation that the kingdom of God would appear at once (Luke 19:11).

  • contestedLuke names the expectation in order to correct it. The parable that follows redirects the hope of a kingdom appearing right away toward a long stretch of waiting before the master returns, part of Luke's wider reshaping of the church's sense of timing.; Hans Conzelmann, The Theology of St Luke (1960; German ed. Die Mitte der Zeit, 1954)
  • contestedLuke reports the expectation without giving up a near hope. What the parable corrects is what the crowd expects to happen at Jerusalem, not the nearness of the kingdom itself.; I. Howard Marshall, Luke: Historian and Theologian (1970); I. Howard Marshall, The Gospel of Luke, New International Greek Testament Commentary (1978), on Luke 19:11

What scholars say about parachrēma

BDAG glosses παραχρῆμα "at once, immediately" and LSJ "on the spot, forthwith," both taking it from the adverbial phrase παρὰ (τὸ) χρῆμα, roughly "at the matter in hand"; Moulton and Milligan document the same formulaic use in the documentary papyri, where it is ordinary business language. The distribution is what draws comment: 17 of the 19 New Testament occurrences are Lukan (10 in the Gospel, 7 in Acts), the remaining two in Matthew's fig-tree episode, and Luke repeatedly prefers it where Mark writes εὐθύς or εὐθέως. Studies of Lukan style (Cadbury; Fitzmyer's survey of Lukan vocabulary in the Anchor Bible commentary) count it among his more literary words, and commentators on Acts (Barrett) note its concentration in scenes of healing and of judgment, where it marks the result as belonging to the moment of the word or the gesture. Luke 19:11 is the one occurrence that does not report an accomplished result, and it is discussed chiefly within the debate over Lukan eschatology provoked by Conzelmann.

Sources

  • BDAG (Bauer-Danker-Arndt-Gingrich), s.v. παραχρῆμαlexicon
  • LSJ (Liddell-Scott-Jones), s.v. παραχρῆμαlexicon
  • James Hope Moulton and George Milligan, The Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (1930), s.v. παραχρῆμαlexicon
  • Henry J. Cadbury, The Style and Literary Method of Luke (1920)monograph
  • Joseph A. Fitzmyer, The Gospel According to Luke I-IX, Anchor Bible (1981)commentary
  • I. Howard Marshall, The Gospel of Luke, New International Greek Testament Commentary (1978)commentary
  • C. K. Barrett, The Acts of the Apostles, International Critical Commentary (1994-1998)commentary
  • Hans Conzelmann, The Theology of St Luke (1960)monograph

All attested forms of παραχρῆμα

adv

παραχρῆμα, παραχρῆμά

Mat 21:19, Mat 21:20, Luk 1:64, Luk 4:39, Luk 5:25, Luk 8:44, Luk 8:47, Luk 8:55