StrongerBible

ktaomai

κτάομαι

GreekG2932possess, purchase, ...

Appears 7 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Mat 10:9Luk 18:12Luk 21:19Act 1:18Act 8:20Act 22:281Th 4:4
Root family
Akin to
Word studyKTAH-oh-myverb

What ktaomai means

to get something for yourself: to come into possession of it, whether by paying, by earning, or by holding out

TranslatabilityApproximateCertaintyStrong

The heart of this word is the moment of getting, not the state of having. Greek kept those two ideas in separate forms of this same verb, and only the getting forms turn up in the New Testament. So every one of its seven appearances is about something becoming yours, never about what you already own.

Most of them stay close to money and property: the gold and silver a traveling preacher is told not to pack, the income a Pharisee counts up before tithing it, the field Judas got with his betrayal money, the Roman citizenship an officer paid a fortune for. Peter uses the word for what money cannot do, telling a man that God's gift is not something anyone gets by paying for it.

Twice it leaves the marketplace altogether. Jesus tells his followers that by holding out under pressure they will get their own lives, and Paul tells the Thessalonians that each man must get "his own vessel" in holiness and honor. Both push the word past buying and toward gaining something by how a person lives. What Paul actually means is one of the most argued questions in the letter.

Set beside the ordinary word for having (ἔχω) and the ordinary word for buying (ἀγοράζω), this verb sits between them. It does not claim you already hold the thing, and it does not name a market or a price. It says only that the thing has come to be yours.

Nuances

1ato get property, money, or goods: to come into possession of things for yourself
Mat 10:9Luk 18:12Act 1:18
1bto obtain a standing or a privilege by paying for it
Act 8:20Act 22:28
1cto gain something by holding out rather than by paying
Luk 21:19
1dto take something into your own keeping, as a charge to be handled rightly
TranslatabilityPartialCertaintyContested
1Th 4:4
1Th 4:4

What 1 Thessalonians 4:4 tells each man to acquire: a wife, or mastery of his own body.

  • contested"His own vessel" is a wife, and the verb keeps its ordinary force of taking or acquiring, so Paul is instructing the Thessalonians about how a man marries.; Christian Maurer, "σκεῦος," TDNT 7:358-67; Abraham J. Malherbe, The Letters to the Thessalonians, Anchor Bible 32B (New York: Doubleday, 2000), on 1 Thessalonians 4:4
  • contested"His own vessel" is the man's own body, and the verb is stretched toward gaining control of what he already has, so Paul is instructing them in sexual self-control.; Gordon D. Fee, The First and Second Letters to the Thessalonians, NICNT (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2009), on 1 Thessalonians 4:4

What scholars say about ktaomai

The lexica agree on the verb's core. BDAG gives κτάομαι as "procure for oneself, acquire, get," and LSJ shows the same range in classical usage, where the present and aorist mean "acquire" while the perfect κέκτημαι means "possess, own." No perfect form occurs in the New Testament, which is why the KJV's "possess" at Luke 21:19 and 1 Thessalonians 4:4 is now generally set aside in favour of "gain" or "acquire." At Luke 21:19 the manuscript tradition divides between the aorist imperative κτήσασθε ("gain") and the future κτήσεσθε ("you will gain"), a variant that affects the mood of the saying rather than the sense of the verb. The one substantial lexical dispute is at 1 Thessalonians 4:4, where τὸ ἑαυτοῦ σκεῦος κτᾶσθαι is read either as "to take a wife for himself" (Maurer, TDNT 7:358-67; Malherbe) or as "to gain mastery over his own body" (Fee); the first keeps the verb's ordinary force, the second requires it to shade toward controlling what one already has. In the Septuagint κτάομαι is a standard rendering of קָנָה, whose range likewise runs from commercial purchase to acquiring what money cannot buy.

Sources

  • BDAG, s.v. κτάομαιlexicon
  • LSJ, s.v. κτάομαιlexicon
  • Christian Maurer, "σκεῦος," TDNT 7:358-67theological-dictionary
  • Abraham J. Malherbe, The Letters to the Thessalonians, Anchor Bible 32B (New York: Doubleday, 2000)commentary
  • Gordon D. Fee, The First and Second Letters to the Thessalonians, NICNT (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2009)commentary
  • Nestle-Aland, Novum Testamentum Graece, 28th ed., apparatus at Luke 21:19critical-edition

All attested forms of κτάομαι

present middle-or-passive infinitive

κτᾶσθαι

Act 8:20, 1Th 4:4

aorist middle imperative 2p

κτήσασθε

Luk 21:19

aorist middle indicative 1s

ἐκτησάμην

Act 22:28

aorist middle indicative 3s

ἐκτήσατο

Act 1:18

aorist middle subjunctive 2p

κτήσησθε

Mat 10:9

present middle-or-passive indicative 1s

κτῶμαι

Luk 18:12