StrongerBible

thuō

θύω

GreekG2380sacrifice, kill, ...

Appears 14 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Mat 22:4Mrk 14:12Luk 15:23Luk 15:27Luk 15:30Luk 22:7Jhn 10:10Act 10:13Act 11:7Act 14:13Act 14:181Co 5:71Co 10:20 (2×)
Names & words formed with this
Word studyTHOO-ohverb

What thuō means

to slaughter an animal, whether as an offering to a god or for a meal

TranslatabilityPartialCertaintySettled

At its core this word names the killing of an animal. In the ancient world that act sat on a line English no longer draws: butchering a beast for the table and offering one on an altar were often the very same event, and this one Greek verb covers both. What decides the shade is who the killing is for, not any difference in the act itself.

So the New Testament uses it for a pagan priest getting ready to sacrifice (Acts 14) and, just as naturally, for a father telling his servants to kill the fattened calf for a homecoming feast (Luke 15). A sharper Greek word, σφάζω, stresses the violent cutting of the throat and often carries a note of slaying or murder; this verb keeps the frame of a proper, purposeful slaughter, the kind that ends in either an altar or a table.

A third, fixed use names the killing of the Passover lamb, where the two ideas fuse: the lamb was both offered to God and eaten at the meal. Paul leans on exactly that when he writes that "Christ our Passover lamb has been sacrificed" (1 Corinthians 5:7).

Nuances

1ato offer an animal as a sacrifice to a god
TranslatabilityDirect
Act 14:13Act 14:181Co 10:20 (2×)
1bto slaughter an animal for food, usually for a feast
TranslatabilityDirect
Mat 22:4Luk 15:23Luk 15:27Luk 15:30Jhn 10:10Act 10:13Act 11:7
1cto sacrifice the Passover lamb
Mrk 14:12Luk 22:71Co 5:7

What scholars say about thuō

The standard lexica set out a range from cultic offering to profane slaughter. BDAG distinguishes making a cultic offering (1 Cor 10:20; Acts 14:13, 18) from slaughtering an animal for consumption (Luke 15:23; Matt 22:4; Acts 10:13; John 10:10), treating the Passover uses (Mark 14:12; Luke 22:7; 1 Cor 5:7) as a fixed technical subset. LSJ documents the same breadth in classical Greek, where the verb spans both offerings to the gods and the everyday killing of animals. In the Septuagint it renders Israel's sacrificial vocabulary, chiefly זבח, which shaped its New Testament range; Behm (TDNT) traces this development and the typological application of the Passover slaughter to Christ in 1 Corinthians 5:7.

Sources

  • BDAG, s.v. θύωlexicon
  • LSJ, s.v. θύωlexicon
  • J. Behm, "θύω, θυσία, θυσιαστήριον," TDNT 3:180-190dictionary

All attested forms of θύω

aorist active imperative 2s

θῦσον

Act 10:13, Act 11:7

present active indicative 3p

θύουσιν

1Co 10:20, 1Co 10:20

present active infinitive

θύειν

Act 14:13, Act 14:18

aorist active imperative 2p

θύσατε

Luk 15:23

aorist active indicative 2s

ἔθυσας

Luk 15:30

aorist active indicative 3s

ἔθυσεν

Luk 15:27

aorist active subjunctive 3s

θύσῃ

Jhn 10:10

aorist passive indicative 3s

ἐτύθη

1Co 5:7

imperfect active indicative 3p

ἔθυον

Mrk 14:12

perfect passive participle nominative n p

τεθυμένα

Mat 22:4

present passive infinitive

θύεσθαι

Luk 22:7