StrongerBible

zēteō

ζητέω

GreekG2212seek, look for, ...

Appears 119 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Mat 2:13Mat 2:20Mat 6:33Mat 7:7Mat 7:8Mat 12:43Mat 12:46Mat 12:47Mat 13:45Mat 18:12Mat 21:46Mat 26:16Mat 26:59Mat 28:5Mrk 1:37Mrk 3:32Mrk 8:11Mrk 8:12Mrk 11:18Mrk 12:12Mrk 14:1Mrk 14:11Mrk 14:55Mrk 16:6Luk 2:48Luk 2:49Luk 5:18Luk 6:19Luk 9:9Luk 11:9Luk 11:10Luk 11:16Luk 11:24Luk 11:29Luk 11:54Luk 12:29Luk 12:31Luk 12:48Luk 13:6Luk 13:7Luk 13:24Luk 15:8Luk 17:33Luk 19:3Luk 19:10Luk 19:47Luk 20:19Luk 22:2Luk 22:6Luk 24:5
Root family
Names & words formed with this
Word studydzay-TEH-ohverb

What zēteō means

to seek: to go after something with effort, whether searching for it, striving to get it, or insisting on having it.

TranslatabilityPartialCertaintySettled

At its heart this is one simple idea: to direct your effort toward something you do not yet have. What changes from verse to verse is the object and the intensity, not the core action. You can seek a lost coin, seek to do something, seek to put a person to death, seek a sign as proof, or seek God and his kingdom. In every case someone is reaching for something not yet in hand.

Because the word covers such a wide reach, English Bibles spread it across many verbs: look for, try, want, demand, require, strive after. That range is not a set of separate words but the same verb pointed at different goals. The shades below are sorted by what is being sought, since that is what gives the word its color in a given sentence.

The Gospels lean on it heavily for two opposite pursuits. On one side it names the hostile search for Jesus: the authorities repeatedly seek to seize or kill him. On the other side it names the pursuit that matters most, the call to seek God, to seek the kingdom, to seek and you will find. The same plain verb carries both the plot against Jesus and the invitation to come to God.

Nuances

1ato look for or search for someone or something, often something lost or out of sight.
Mat 18:12Mat 28:5Mrk 1:37Mrk 16:6Luk 2:48Luk 2:49Luk 15:8Luk 24:5Jhn 4:27Jhn 20:15Act 9:11Act 10:19
1bto try or strive to do something, to set yourself to accomplish a thing.
Mat 12:46Mat 12:47Luk 5:18Luk 6:19Luk 9:9Luk 13:24Luk 19:3Jhn 7:4Act 13:8Act 16:101Co 14:12Rev 9:6
1cto seek to kill or to seek a person's life: to plot harm against someone.
Mat 2:13Mat 2:20Mat 21:46Mat 26:16Mat 26:59Mrk 11:18Mrk 12:12Mrk 14:1Mrk 14:11Mrk 14:55Luk 19:47Luk 20:19
1dto demand or require something, to call for it as expected or owed.
Mrk 8:11Mrk 8:12Luk 11:16Luk 11:29Luk 12:481Co 1:221Co 4:22Co 13:3Heb 8:7
1eto seek after God, his kingdom, or what is good: a wholehearted pursuit of spiritual things.
Mat 6:33Mat 7:7Mat 7:8Luk 11:9Luk 11:10Luk 12:31Luk 19:10Jhn 4:23Act 17:27Rom 2:7Rom 10:20Col 3:1
1fto seek someone's interest, gain, or glory: to be out for a benefit, whether one's own or another's.
Jhn 5:30Jhn 5:44Jhn 7:18 (2×)Jhn 8:50 (2×)Rom 10:31Co 10:241Co 10:331Co 13:5Gal 1:10Gal 2:17Php 2:211Th 2:6

What scholars say about zēteō

The standard Greek lexicons treat this as a single verb meaning to seek, with its color set by what is sought. BDAG lays out the range: to look for something or someone (often something lost), to try or endeavor to do something, to seek or desire to possess something (including the idiom of seeking a person's life, that is, plotting to kill), to ask for or require, and the religiously weighty seeking of God and his kingdom. LSJ gives the same spread for wider Greek (to seek, search after, inquire, require, demand). The theological dictionaries (TDNT, EDNT, NIDNTT) focus on the religious use, where seeking God is a whole-life orientation rather than a single act, prominent in the Sermon on the Mount and in John. None of the standard works splits the word into unrelated homonyms; the breadth is treated as one verb pointed at different objects.

Sources

  • BDAG (Bauer-Danker-Arndt-Gingrich), s.v. ζητέωlexicon
  • LSJ (Liddell-Scott-Jones), s.v. ζητέωlexicon
  • Ceslas Spicq, Theological Lexicon of the New Testament, s.v. ζητέωdictionary
  • Horst Balz and Gerhard Schneider, eds., Exegetical Dictionary of the New Testament (EDNT) 2:102-103, s.v. ζητέωdictionary
  • Heinrich Greeven, "ζητέω," in Theological Dictionary of the New Testament (TDNT) 2:892-896dictionary

All attested forms of ζητέω

imperfect active indicative 3p

ἐζήτουν, Ἐζήτουν

Mat 26:59, Mrk 11:18, Mrk 12:12, Mrk 14:1, Mrk 14:55, Luk 5:18, Luk 6:19, Luk 11:16

present active indicative 2p

ζητεῖτε, ζητεῖτέ

Mat 28:5, Mrk 16:6, Luk 24:5, Jhn 1:38, Jhn 5:44, Jhn 7:19, Jhn 16:19, Jhn 18:4

present active participle nominative m p

ζητοῦντες, ζητοῦντές

Mat 2:20, Mat 12:46, Mat 21:46, Mrk 8:11, Luk 11:54, Jhn 6:24, Rom 10:3, Gal 2:17

present active participle nominative m s

ζητῶν

Mat 7:8, Luk 11:10, Luk 13:6, Luk 13:7, Jhn 7:18, Jhn 8:50, Act 13:8, 1Co 10:33

present active indicative 3s

ζητεῖ

Mrk 8:12, Luk 11:29, Luk 15:8, Jhn 4:23, Jhn 7:4, Jhn 7:18, Jhn 7:20, 1Co 13:5

imperfect active indicative 3s

ἐζήτει

Mat 26:16, Mrk 14:11, Luk 9:9, Luk 19:3, Luk 22:6, Jhn 19:12, Act 13:11

present active imperative 2p

ζητεῖτε

Mat 6:33, Mat 7:7, Luk 11:9, Luk 12:29, Luk 12:31, 1Co 14:12, Col 3:1

present active indicative 3p

ζητοῦσιν, ζητοῦσίν

Jhn 7:25, Rom 11:3, 1Co 1:22, Php 2:21, Mrk 1:37, Mrk 3:32

future active indicative 2p

ζητήσετέ

Jhn 7:34, Jhn 7:36, Jhn 8:21, Jhn 13:33

present active indicative 1s

ζητῶ

Jhn 5:30, Jhn 8:50, 2Co 12:14, Gal 1:10

future active indicative 3p

ζητήσουσιν

Luk 13:24, Rev 9:6

present active imperative 2s

ζήτει

1Co 7:27, 1Co 7:27

present active indicative 2s

ζητεῖς

Jhn 4:27, Jhn 20:15

present active infinitive

ζητεῖν

Mat 2:13, Act 17:27

present active participle dative m p

ζητοῦσιν

Rom 2:7, Rom 10:20

present active participle genitive m p

ζητούντων

Act 21:31, Act 27:30

present active participle nominative n s

ζητοῦν

Mat 12:43, Luk 11:24

aorist active imperative 2s

ζήτησον

Act 9:11

aorist active imperative 3s

ζητησάτω

1Pe 3:11

aorist active indicative 1p

ἐζητήσαμεν

Act 16:10

aorist active indicative 3p

ἐζήτησαν

Luk 20:19

aorist active indicative 3s

ἐζήτησέν

2Ti 1:17

aorist active infinitive

ζητῆσαι

Luk 19:10

aorist active subjunctive 3s

ζητήσῃ

Luk 17:33

future active indicative 3s

ζητεῖ

Mat 18:12

future passive indicative 3s

ζητηθήσεται

Luk 12:48

imperfect active indicative 1p

ἐζητοῦμέν

Luk 2:48

imperfect active indicative 2p

ἐζητεῖτέ

Luk 2:49

imperfect passive indicative 3s

ἐζητεῖτο

Heb 8:7

present active imperative 3s

ζητείτω

1Co 10:24

present active participle dative m s

ζητοῦντι

Mat 13:45

present passive indicative 3s

ζητεῖται

1Co 4:2