StrongerBible

diōkō

διώκω

GreekG1377persecute, pursue, ...

Appears 45 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Mat 5:10Mat 5:11Mat 5:12Mat 5:44Mat 10:23Mat 23:34Luk 11:49Luk 17:23Luk 21:12Jhn 5:16Jhn 15:20 (2×)Act 7:52Act 9:4Act 9:5Act 22:4Act 22:7Act 22:8Act 26:11Act 26:14Act 26:15Rom 9:30Rom 9:31Rom 12:13Rom 12:14Rom 14:191Co 4:121Co 14:11Co 15:92Co 4:9Gal 1:13Gal 1:23Gal 4:29Gal 5:11Gal 6:12Php 3:6Php 3:12Php 3:141Th 5:151Ti 6:112Ti 2:222Ti 3:12Heb 12:141Pe 3:11Rev 12:13
Root family
Names & words formed with this
Word studydee-OH-kohverb

What diōkō means

to pursue: to chase hard after someone or something, whether to harm them, to overtake them, or to reach a goal

TranslatabilityPartialCertaintySettled

At its root this word pictures running hard after a target. That single image of relentless pursuit branches into the ways the New Testament uses it, and the branches share more than they first appear to.

Most often the target is a person, and the pursuit is hostile: to hunt down, harass, and harm. This is the standard word for persecuting believers, and it is what the risen Jesus means when he asks Saul, "why are you pursuing me?" But the same energy can be aimed at a good end. Writers turn the word into a vivid command to chase after love, peace, righteousness, and the prize ahead, the way a runner strains toward the finish line. The pursuit is just as intense; only the object has changed.

Readers should not flatten these into one English word. The chase that means "hound and harm" and the chase that means "strive eagerly for" are the same verb wearing two faces, and the writers sometimes play on that. Paul, who once pursued the church to destroy it, now describes himself pursuing Christ with the same wholeheartedness, and the echo is deliberate.

Nuances

1ato persecute: to hound, harass, and harm someone, especially for their faith
TranslatabilityApproximate
Mat 5:10Mat 5:11Mat 5:12Mat 5:44Mat 10:23Mat 23:34Luk 11:49Luk 21:12Jhn 5:16Jhn 15:20 (2×)Act 7:52Act 9:4
1bto strive for: to chase after something good with all one's effort, to press on toward a goal
Rom 9:30Rom 9:31Rom 12:13Rom 14:191Co 14:1Php 3:12Php 3:141Th 5:151Ti 6:112Ti 2:22Heb 12:141Pe 3:11
1cto chase after: to run after a person to overtake or find them, with no settled hostility
TranslatabilityApproximate
Luk 17:23

What scholars say about diōkō

Standard lexica treat διώκω as a single verb whose core sense is to run after or pursue, developing along two main lines: the hostile pursuit that hardens into the technical sense "persecute" (the dominant New Testament use, especially of believers), and the figurative pursuit of an abstract good, "strive for, seek after, aspire to." BDAG distinguishes these as senses of one lemma rather than separate words; LSJ documents the same range in classical and Hellenistic Greek, where διώκω is used both of the chase or hunt and of legal prosecution. In the Septuagint it commonly renders Hebrew רדף, which shares the pursue/persecute spread, so the New Testament usage stands in continuity with the Greek Old Testament. TDNT (Oepke) traces the persecution sense as a fixed term for the suffering of the righteous and of the church.

Sources

  • BDAG, s.v. διώκωlexicon
  • LSJ, s.v. διώκωlexicon
  • TDNT, vol. 2, s.v. διώκω (A. Oepke)theological-dictionary

All attested forms of διώκω

present active indicative 2s

διώκεις

Act 9:4, Act 9:5, Act 22:7, Act 22:8, Act 26:14, Act 26:15

aorist active indicative 3p

ἐδίωξαν

Mat 5:12, Jhn 15:20, Act 7:52

future active indicative 3p

διώξουσιν

Luk 11:49, Luk 21:12, Jhn 15:20

present active imperative 2p

διώκετε, Διώκετε

1Th 5:15, Heb 12:14, 1Co 14:1

present active participle nominative m s

διώκων

Rom 9:31, Gal 1:23, Php 3:6

aorist active indicative 1s

ἐδίωξα

Act 22:4, 1Co 15:9

imperfect active indicative 1s

ἐδίωκον

Act 26:11, Gal 1:13

present active imperative 2s

δίωκε

1Ti 6:11, 2Ti 2:22

present active indicative 1s

διώκω

Php 3:12, Php 3:14

present passive participle nominative m p

διωκόμενοι

1Co 4:12, 2Co 4:9

aorist active imperative 3s

διωξάτω

1Pe 3:11

aorist active indicative 3s

ἐδίωξεν

Rev 12:13

aorist active subjunctive 2p

διώξητε

Luk 17:23

aorist active subjunctive 3p

διώξωσιν

Mat 5:11

future active indicative 2p

διώξετε

Mat 23:34

future passive indicative 3p

διωχθήσονται

2Ti 3:12

imperfect active indicative 3p

ἐδίωκον

Jhn 5:16

imperfect active indicative 3s

ἐδίωκεν

Gal 4:29

perfect passive participle nominative m p

δεδιωγμένοι

Mat 5:10

present active participle accusative m p

διώκοντας

Rom 12:14

present active participle genitive m p

διωκόντων

Mat 5:44

present active participle nominative m p

διώκοντες

Rom 12:13

present active participle nominative n p

διώκοντα

Rom 9:30

present active subjunctive 1p

διώκωμεν

Rom 14:19

present active subjunctive 3p

διώκωσιν

Mat 10:23

present passive indicative 1s

διώκομαι

Gal 5:11

present passive subjunctive 3p

διώκωνται

Gal 6:12