StrongerBible

euarestos

εὐάρεστος

GreekG2101acceptable, pleasing, ...

Appears 9 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Rom 12:1Rom 12:2Rom 14:182Co 5:9Eph 5:10Php 4:18Col 3:20Tit 2:9Heb 13:21
Compound of
Root family
Word studyyoo-AH-res-tossadjective

What euarestos means

well-pleasing: giving genuine pleasure to the one it is offered to, so that a gift, a life, or a person is gladly received rather than merely tolerated

TranslatabilityApproximateCertaintySettled

This word describes whatever gives real pleasure to the one receiving it. It is built from the ordinary Greek word for pleasing (ἀρεστός) with a prefix meaning "well," so the sense is well-pleasing, not barely passable. In seven of its nine New Testament appearances the sentence names God or the Lord as the one being pleased.

Most of its uses reach back to the language of the altar. In the Old Testament an offering had to find acceptance before God would receive it (רָצוֹן), and Paul takes that vocabulary over: believers are to present their bodies as a living sacrifice, holy and pleasing to God (Romans 12:1), and the money the Philippians sent him is a fragrant offering, a sacrifice welcomed (δεκτός) and pleasing to God (Philippians 4:18). The point is not that God grudgingly allows such gifts. He takes pleasure in them.

From there the word widens out. It describes conduct and God's own will as something to be tested and found out (Ephesians 5:10; Romans 12:2), the obedience of children in a household (Colossians 3:20), and what God himself produces in his people (Hebrews 13:21). It can also describe a whole person rather than an act: the one who serves Christ in this way is pleasing to God (Romans 14:18), and Paul's settled ambition, whether at home in the body or away from it, is to be pleasing to him (2 Corinthians 5:9).

One use steps outside that Godward pattern. In Titus 2:9 household slaves are told to give satisfaction to their own masters in everything. The pleasure in view there is a human employer's, and the word carries the plain, workaday sense it has in Greek documents and honorary inscriptions that commend someone for serving well.

Nuances

1aof an offering or a gift: welcomed by God as a sacrifice he genuinely accepts
Rom 12:1Php 4:18
1bof conduct, or of God's will itself: what actually pleases God, something to be worked out and done
Rom 12:2Eph 5:10Col 3:20Heb 13:21
1cof a person: standing in God's pleasure, approved by him
Rom 14:182Co 5:9
1dof a person serving a human superior: giving satisfaction in everything
TranslatabilityDirect
Tit 2:9

What scholars say about euarestos

BDAG gives a single sense for εὐάρεστος, "pleasing, acceptable," and sorts the New Testament instances by what is described, things and actions on one side (Romans 12:1, 12:2; Ephesians 5:10; Philippians 4:18; Colossians 3:20; Hebrews 13:21) and persons on the other (Romans 14:18; 2 Corinthians 5:9; Titus 2:9). LSJ documents the compound as a later formation from εὖ and ἀρεστός, uncommon in classical Attic and at home in Hellenistic prose, inscriptions and documentary papyri, where the adjective and its verb regularly commend a person whose service gave satisfaction; Moulton and Milligan assemble that documentary material. The TDNT article on ἀρέσκω and its cognates, and the shorter EDNT entry, both trace the theological weight of the family to the Greek Old Testament, where the verb εὐαρεστέω renders the statement that Enoch walked with God (Genesis 5:22, 5:24), a rendering Hebrews 11:5 and 11:6 take up, and where the adjective describes a person pleasing to God in Wisdom of Solomon 4:10. Commentators on Romans 12:1 and 12:2 (Cranfield, Dunn) and on Philippians 4:18 (O'Brien) stress that Paul is transposing the cultic vocabulary of an accepted sacrifice, רָצוֹן and רָצָה in the Hebrew and δεκτός in the Greek of Leviticus, into the sphere of ordinary Christian conduct and giving; they divide over whether the adjective in Romans 12:2 means pleasing to God, in continuity with the sacrifice of 12:1, or agreeable to the one who does God's will. Marshall's discussion of Titus 2:9 notes that the accusative there stands without a dative complement, and that most interpreters supply the masters of the same clause while a minority read a Godward sense from the purpose clause of 2:10. Attridge treats τὸ εὐάρεστον in Hebrews 13:21 as the epistle's summary of the conduct God himself equips his people to render.

Sources

  • BDAG, s.v. εὐάρεστοςlexicon
  • LSJ, s.v. εὐάρεστοςlexicon
  • Louw and Nida, Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains, s.v. εὐάρεστοςlexicon
  • TDNT, s.v. ἀρέσκω, ἀρεστός, εὐάρεστος, εὐαρεστέωtheological dictionary
  • EDNT, s.v. εὐάρεστοςtheological dictionary
  • Moulton and Milligan, The Vocabulary of the Greek Testament, s.v. εὐάρεστοςlexicon
  • C. E. B. Cranfield, The Epistle to the Romans, ICC, on Romans 12:1-2commentary
  • James D. G. Dunn, Romans 9-16, WBC 38B, on Romans 12:1-2 and 14:18commentary
  • Peter T. O'Brien, The Epistle to the Philippians, NIGTC, on Philippians 4:18commentary
  • I. Howard Marshall, The Pastoral Epistles, ICC, on Titus 2:9commentary
  • Harold W. Attridge, The Epistle to the Hebrews, Hermeneia, on Hebrews 13:21commentary

All attested forms of εὐάρεστος

nominative n s

εὐάρεστον, εὐάρεστόν

Rom 12:2, Eph 5:10, Col 3:20

accusative f s

εὐάρεστον

Rom 12:1, Php 4:18

accusative m p

εὐαρέστους

Tit 2:9

accusative n s

εὐάρεστον

Heb 13:21

nominative m p

εὐάρεστοι

2Co 5:9

nominative m s

εὐάρεστος

Rom 14:18