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Baptistēs

Βαπτιστής

GreekG0910Baptist, Baptizer

Appears 12 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Mat 3:1Mat 11:11Mat 11:12Mat 14:2Mat 14:8Mat 16:14Mat 17:13Mrk 6:25Mrk 8:28Luk 7:20Luk 7:33Luk 9:19
Root family
Word studybap-tis-TACEnoun

What Baptistēs means

one who baptizes; used in the New Testament only as the title of John, the man known for baptizing people in water.

TranslatabilityApproximateCertaintySettled

The word is simply the name for a person who does one particular thing. It is built from the verb βαπτίζω, "to dip" or "to immerse," with an ending that means "the one who does it." So it means "the Baptizer," the person who baptizes.

Every time it appears, it is fastened to one man, John. Baptizing was his signature: he stood at the Jordan River calling people to be washed as a sign of turning back to God, and the crowds knew him by it. The title set him apart from everyone else who shared the common name John. Mark can even swap the title for a plain description, calling him "John who was baptizing," which shows the word carries no more than that: the man marked out by what he did.

Because the activity was tied so closely to him, the word became almost a surname. The first-century Jewish historian Josephus refers to him the same way, as "John who was called the Baptizer," a sign that the title was widely recognized and not only a Christian habit of speech.

Mat 3:1Mat 11:11Mat 11:12Mat 14:2Mat 14:8Mat 16:14Mat 17:13Mrk 6:25Mrk 8:28Luk 7:20Luk 7:33Luk 9:19

What scholars say about Baptistēs

The noun is an agent formation in -της from the verb βαπτίζω ("to dip, immerse, wash"), so it denotes "one who baptizes." In the New Testament it occurs twelve times and only as the epithet of John (Ἰωάννης ὁ βαπτιστής), functioning interchangeably with the substantival participle ὁ βαπτίζων that Mark prefers (Mark 1:4; 6:14, 24). BDAG, Louw-Nida, and the theological dictionaries (Oepke in TDNT; EDNT) treat the sense as uncontested. The scholarly discussion concerns the historical figure and the Second Temple antecedents of John's baptism (Webb; Taylor), not the meaning of the noun. The title is independently attested by Josephus, who calls him "John who was surnamed the Baptist" (Antiquities 18.116-119), evidence that it circulated as a recognized designation beyond Christian sources.

Sources

  • BDAG, s.v. βαπτιστήςlexicon
  • Louw and Nida, Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains, s.v. βαπτιστήςlexicon
  • Albrecht Oepke, "βάπτω, βαπτίζω κτλ.," in Theological Dictionary of the New Testament (TDNT) 1:529-546theological-dictionary
  • Balz and Schneider, Exegetical Dictionary of the New Testament (EDNT), s.v. βαπτιστήςtheological-dictionary
  • Robert L. Webb, John the Baptizer and Prophet: A Socio-Historical Study (JSNTSup 62, 1991)monograph
  • Joan E. Taylor, The Immerser: John the Baptist within Second Temple Judaism (1997)monograph

All attested forms of Βαπτιστής

genitive m s

βαπτιστοῦ

Mat 11:11, Mat 11:12, Mat 14:8, Mat 17:13, Mrk 6:25

nominative m s

βαπτιστὴς, βαπτιστής

Mat 3:1, Luk 7:20, Luk 7:33, Mat 14:2

accusative m s

βαπτιστήν

Mat 16:14, Mrk 8:28, Luk 9:19