StrongerBible

sarid

שָׂרִיד

HebrewH8300survivor, remnant

Appears 28 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Num 21:35Num 24:19Deu 2:34Deu 3:3Jos 8:22Jos 10:20Jos 10:28Jos 10:30Jos 10:33Jos 10:37Jos 10:39Jos 10:40Jos 11:8Job 27:15Jer 31:2Jol 2:32(3:5)Oba 1:14
Root family
Word studysah-REEDnoun

What sarid means

a survivor: the one left alive, or the little left over, after everyone and everything else has been destroyed.

TranslatabilityApproximateCertaintySettled

This word names the one who is left when the rest are gone. It belongs to scenes of destruction: a battle, a massacre, the fall of a city, a household wiped out. Whoever or whatever comes through alive when everything around it is destroyed is the survivor.

Its most striking feature is that it usually appears in the negative. Again and again the conquest stories close with the same grim tally: the attacker "left no survivor." The word's job in those lines is not to celebrate someone who made it, but to say that no one did. So even though "survivor" sounds hopeful in English, in most of its occurrences the point is total, deliberate slaughter.

In the prophets the word takes on a heavier weight. When God brings judgment, the survivor is the one He does or does not leave. Sometimes the warning is that none will be left at all; other times a small band of survivors is exactly the hope, the seed of a people God will grow again. Here the plain battlefield word edges toward the language of the faithful remnant, close to שְׁאֵרִית, and stands beside the fugitive who escapes, פָּלִיט, with whom it is often paired.

The poetry of Job stretches the word one step further, using it for what is left of a person's estate: surviving children, or the last scraps of a rich man's goods once ruin has burned through his tent.

Nuances

1aa survivor of battle: someone left alive after an army or town is put to the sword, most often in the report that a conqueror "left no survivor," marking total slaughter.
Num 21:35Num 24:19Deu 2:34Deu 3:3Jos 8:22Jos 10:20Jos 10:28Jos 10:30Jos 10:33Jos 10:37Jos 10:39Jos 10:40
1ba survivor of God's judgment: those left after divine destruction, whether the threat that none will be left or the small remnant God spares to begin again.
Isa 1:9Jer 31:2Jer 42:17Jer 44:14Jer 47:4Lam 2:22Jol 2:32(3:5)Oba 1:14Oba 1:18
1cwhat is left of a person's household or estate: surviving children or leftover goods, in the poetry of Job.
Job 18:19Job 20:21Job 20:26Job 27:15

What scholars say about sarid

Derived from the root s-r-d ("to escape, survive"), שָׂרִיד denotes one who is left after a destructive event. The standard lexicons (BDB; HALOT; DCH) treat it as a single term, "survivor, one left," concentrated in narratives of warfare and in prophetic oracles of judgment. Its most frequent setting is the negated formula built on the causative of שׁאר or a verb of destruction, "he left him no survivor," a fixed expression of total annihilation in the conquest accounts (Numbers, Deuteronomy, Joshua). In prophetic usage it is drawn into the vocabulary of the remnant alongside שְׁאֵרִית and פָּלִיט (Hasel, The Remnant), where the survivor of judgment can carry either the threat of complete extinction or the promise of a spared few (Isaiah 1:9; Joel 2:32). Job extends the term to the surviving members or remaining goods of a household (Job 18:19; 20:21, 26; 27:15). The lexical entries and TWOT note the near-synonymy with פָּלִיט "fugitive," the two frequently paired to stress that neither those left nor those who fled escaped.

Sources

  • BDB, s.v. שָׂרִידlexicon
  • HALOT, s.v. שָׂרִידlexicon
  • DCH, s.v. שָׂרִידlexicon
  • TWOT, s.v. שָׂרַד (§2285)lexicon
  • Gerhard F. Hasel, The Remnant: The History and Theology of the Remnant Idea from Genesis to Isaiah (Andrews University Monographs 5; Andrews University Press, 1972)monograph

All attested forms of שָׂרִיד

m s absolute

שָׂרִיד

Num 21:35, Num 24:19, Deu 2:34, Deu 3:3, Jos 8:22, Jos 10:28, Jos 10:30, Jos 10:33

m p absolute

שְּׂרִידִים

Jos 10:20, Jol 2:32

m p construct

שְׂרִידָיו

Job 27:15, Oba 1:14

m p construct

שְׂרִידֵי

Jer 31:2