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shemoneh

שְׁמֹנֶה

HebrewH8083eight

Appears 109 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Gen 5:4Gen 5:7Gen 5:10Gen 5:13Gen 5:16Gen 5:17Gen 5:19Gen 14:14Gen 17:12Gen 21:4Gen 22:23Exo 26:2Exo 26:25Exo 36:9Exo 36:30Num 2:24Num 3:28Num 4:48Num 7:8Num 29:29Num 35:7Deu 2:14Jos 21:41Jdg 3:8Jdg 3:14Jdg 10:8Jdg 12:14Jdg 20:25Jdg 20:441Sa 4:151Sa 17:122Sa 8:132Sa 23:82Sa 24:91Ki 7:101Ch 12:24(25)1Ch 12:30(31)1Ch 12:31(32)1Ch 12:35(36)1Ch 16:381Ch 18:121Ch 23:31Ch 24:41Ch 24:151Ch 25:71Ch 25:251Ch 26:91Ch 29:72Ch 11:21 (2×)2Ch 13:1
Word studysheh-mo-NEHnumber

What shemoneh means

eight: the cardinal number, one more than seven

TranslatabilityDirectCertaintySettled

This is simply the number eight, used the way any number is used: counting people, days, years, objects, and measurements. It appears in census totals, the ages of kings, the dimensions of the tabernacle and temple, and the lengths of reigns and captivities. There is nothing hidden in the word itself, and there is no second meaning to tease out: it counts, and it counts to eight.

Where eight gains weight in the Bible is not in the word but in a few of the settings it keeps. A boy was circumcised on the eighth day, the day after a full week of life had passed, marking him as a member of the covenant people. Several offerings and dedications also reached completion on an eighth day, after a seven-day span. Because seven so often stands for a finished cycle, the eighth day reads as the morning after that cycle, a fresh start on the far side of completeness.

One famous count is the eight people carried safely through the flood in the ark: Noah, his wife, his three sons, and their wives. Later writers looked back on that small number as the seed of a renewed world. None of this changes what the word means. Eight stays eight; the significance lives in what is being counted and when, not in the number itself.

Gen 5:4Gen 5:7Gen 5:10Gen 5:13Gen 5:16Gen 5:17Gen 5:19Gen 14:14Gen 17:12Gen 21:4Gen 22:23Exo 26:2

What scholars say about shemoneh

The cardinal number eight is lexically uncontested across the standard lexica (BDB; HALOT; DCH), which gloss it simply as the numeral and catalog its agreement and construct patterns without competing senses. Its derivation is generally connected to a Semitic root for the numeral shared across the family, but that etymological question is independent of the settled meaning. Discussions of theological resonance attach to specific contexts (the eighth-day circumcision rite, dedication and purification sequences that culminate on an eighth day) rather than to the lexeme itself.

Sources

  • BDB, s.v. שְׁמֹנֶהlexicon
  • HALOT, s.v. שְׁמֹנֶהlexicon
  • DCH, s.v. שְׁמֹנֶהlexicon

All attested forms of שְׁמֹנֶה

c s absolute

שְׁמֹנֶה, שְׁמוֹנֶה, שְׁמוֹנָה, שְׁמֹנָה

Gen 5:4, Gen 5:19, Exo 26:2, Exo 36:9, Deu 2:14, Jdg 3:8, Jdg 10:8, Jdg 12:14

conj

שְׁמֹנָה, שְׁמֹנֶה, שְׁמוֹנָה, שְׁמֹנַת

Ezr 2:16, Ezr 2:23, Ezr 2:41, Ezr 8:9, Ezr 8:11, Neh 7:15, Neh 7:16, Neh 7:21

c s construct

שְׁמֹנַת, שְׁמוֹנַת

Gen 17:12, Gen 21:4, Num 3:28, Num 4:48, Num 7:8, Jdg 20:25, 1Ch 29:7