StrongerBible

semol

שְׂמֹאל

HebrewH8040left, left hand, ...

Appears 54 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Gen 13:9Gen 14:15Gen 24:49Gen 48:13 (2×)Gen 48:14Exo 14:22Exo 14:29Num 20:17Num 22:26Deu 2:27Deu 5:32Deu 17:11Deu 17:20Deu 28:14Jos 1:7Jos 19:27Jos 23:6Jdg 3:21Jdg 7:20Jdg 16:291Sa 6:122Sa 2:192Sa 2:212Sa 16:61Ki 7:391Ki 7:491Ki 22:192Ki 22:22Ki 23:81Ch 6:44(29)2Ch 3:172Ch 4:62Ch 4:72Ch 4:82Ch 18:182Ch 34:2Neh 8:4Job 23:9Pro 3:16Pro 4:27Ecc 10:2Sng 2:6Sng 8:3Ezk 1:10Ezk 16:46Ezk 39:3Dan 12:7Jon 4:11Zec 4:3Zec 4:11
Root family
Word studyseh-MOLEnoun

What semol means

the left, as opposed to the right: the left hand, the left side, or the direction left

TranslatabilityDirectCertaintySettled

This is the ordinary Hebrew word for the left, the counterpart of the right. Most often it names the left hand or the left side of a body, and by extension the left side of any space and the leftward direction.

Because people in the Bible got their bearings by facing the rising sun in the east, the left hand pointed north. So the same word can mean north when it describes geography, the way an English speaker once said a place lay to one's left rather than naming the compass point. This is not a different word but the same left seen from a fixed viewpoint.

The right hand carried strong associations of strength, honor, and favor, and the left was the lesser side by comparison. The word itself, though, is usually plain and physical: which hand, which side, which way. It frequently appears beside the word for right, and the pairing of the two becomes a common way of saying every direction or no deviation at all, as in turning aside neither to the right nor to the left.

Nuances

1athe left hand, the physical hand on the left side of the body
Gen 48:13 (2×)Gen 48:14Jdg 3:21Jdg 7:20Jdg 16:29Pro 3:16Sng 2:6Sng 8:3Ezk 39:3Dan 12:7
1bthe left side or the leftward direction, often paired with the right to mean either way or no deviation at all
Gen 13:9Gen 24:49Num 20:17Num 22:26Deu 2:27Deu 5:32Deu 17:11Deu 17:20Deu 28:14Jos 1:7Jos 23:62Sa 2:19
1cnorth, the leftward direction for someone facing the sunrise in the east
Gen 14:15Jos 19:27Job 23:9Ezk 16:46

What scholars say about semol

The lexica treat H8040 as a single word for the left, with a derived geographic sense north reflecting orientation toward the east (the speaker faces the sunrise, so the left hand is to the north). BDB and HALOT list the body-part, side/direction, and north senses under one entry; the north sense is secured by Genesis 14:15 (north of Damascus) and Ezekiel 16:46 (Samaria north of Jerusalem, with Sodom to the right as south). The recurring merism of right and left functions idiomatically for totality or for unswerving fidelity, especially in the Deuteronomic formula of not turning aside to the right hand or to the left.

Sources

  • BDB, s.v. שְׂמֹאלlexicon
  • HALOT, s.v. שְׂמֹאלlexicon
  • DCH, s.v. שְׂמֹאלlexicon

All attested forms of שְׂמֹאל

m s absolute

שְׂמֹאול, שְּׂמֹאול, שְׂמֹאל, שְּׂמֹאל

Num 20:17, Num 22:26, Deu 2:27, Deu 17:20, Deu 28:14, Jos 1:7, Jos 23:6, 1Sa 6:12

m s construct

שְׂמֹאלוֹ, שְּׂמֹאלוֹ

Gen 48:13, Gen 48:14, Jdg 3:21, Jdg 16:29, 2Ch 18:18, Ecc 10:2, Sng 2:6, Sng 8:3

m s construct

שְׂמֹאולָהּ, שְׂמֹאלָהּ

Pro 3:16, Zec 4:11, Zec 4:3

m s construct

שְּׂמֹאלָם, שְׂמאוֹלָם

Exo 14:22, Exo 14:29, Jdg 7:20

m s construct

שְׂמֹאול, שְּׂמֹאל

2Ki 23:8, Gen 48:13

m s construct

שְׂמֹאולֶךָ, שְׂמֹאלֶךָ

Ezk 39:3, 2Sa 2:21

m s construct

שְׂמֹאולֵךְ

Ezk 16:46