StrongerBible

shelet

שֶׁלֶט

HebrewH7982shield, quiver

Appears 7 times · tap a cell to see the verses

2Sa 8:72Ki 11:101Ch 18:72Ch 23:9Sng 4:4Jer 51:11Ezk 27:11
Root family
Word studySHEH-letnoun

What shelet means

a piece of a fighting man's gear, usually taken to be a shield: costly enough to be plated with gold, kept in royal and temple stores, and hung up on walls for display

TranslatabilityPartialCertaintyContested

The word turns up only seven times, always in the plural, and always among expensive military hardware. David strips the gold ones off the servants of a defeated king and carries them back to Jerusalem. Generations later a priest opens the temple stores and hands out spears and these same objects to the guards who will crown the boy king Joash. In Tyre, hired soldiers hang them along the city wall, and the prophet says the display is part of what makes the city beautiful.

That pattern tells us a great deal about the objects. They were portable, valuable enough to be gold plated and stored with treasure, numerous enough to hang in rows, and tied closely to a king's own troops. What the pattern does not tell us is their shape. Hebrew already had an ordinary word for a shield (מָגֵן) and a word for the tall body shield (צִנָּה), and 2 Chronicles 23:9 lists these objects right after the ordinary shields, as though they were something else again.

One verse pulls hard against the traditional picture. In Jeremiah 51:11 the summons is to sharpen the arrows and to fill these objects. You do not fill a shield. That single verb is the main reason a number of scholars read the word as a quiver or a bow case, and why some modern Bibles print "fill the quivers" there while others print "take up the shields." Both readings are alive, and the honest position is that the object behind the word has never been identified for certain.

Nuances

1awar gear belonging to fighting men: carried by a king's servants, seized as plunder, stored in the temple and issued to guards, and made ready for an attack
2Sa 8:72Ki 11:101Ch 18:72Ch 23:9Jer 51:11
1brows of the same gear hung up on a tower or a city wall, so that the building itself advertises the strength of the men behind it
Sng 4:4Ezk 27:11

What scholars say about shelet

The standard lexica gloss שֶׁלֶט as "shield," BDB marking the identification as uncertain and DCH cataloguing the same seven plural occurrences without resolving the referent. The competing identification rests on comparative and contextual grounds: Akkadian šalṭu, attested as a container for arrows, and Jer 51:11, where מִלְאוּ ("fill") governs the noun in parallel with the sharpening of arrows, a collocation that suits a quiver or bow case rather than a buckler. Commentators on Jeremiah divide accordingly, and the modern versions follow them. A third proposal treats the noun as a general designation for prestige arms rather than a single identifiable item, sometimes connected with the root שׁלט "to exercise power," though that derivation is itself disputed and may be a folk association. The distribution constrains the object without identifying it: gold plated (2 Sam 8:7 = 1 Chr 18:7), deposited in the temple with spears (2 Kgs 11:10), enumerated separately from מָגֵן (2 Chr 23:9), suspended in rows on fortifications (Ezek 27:11; Song 4:4), and never attested in the singular.

Where scholars disagree about shelet

What piece of equipment the word names: a shield, or a case that holds arrows.

  • majorityIt names a shield, probably a small or ceremonial one and often overlaid with gold. This is the reading carried by the ancient versions and by the standard Hebrew lexica, and it is the one most English Bibles print in all seven verses.; BDB (Brown, Driver, Briggs), A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament, s.v. שֶׁלֶט; DCH (D. J. A. Clines, ed.), The Dictionary of Classical Hebrew, s.v. שֶׁלֶט
  • minorityIt names a quiver or bow case. The argument rests on the Akkadian word šalṭu, used of a container for arrows, and on Jeremiah 51:11, where the objects are filled in the same breath as arrows are sharpened.; CAD, The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago, s.v. šalṭu; William L. Holladay, Jeremiah 2 (Hermeneia), on Jeremiah 51:11

Sources

  • BDB (Brown, Driver, Briggs), A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament, s.v. שֶׁלֶטlexicon
  • HALOT (Koehler, Baumgartner, Stamm), The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament, s.v. שֶׁלֶטlexicon
  • DCH (D. J. A. Clines, ed.), The Dictionary of Classical Hebrew, s.v. שֶׁלֶטlexicon
  • CAD, The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago, s.v. šalṭulexicon
  • William L. Holladay, Jeremiah 2 (Hermeneia), on Jeremiah 51:11commentary
  • Yigael Yadin, The Art of Warfare in Biblical Lands in the Light of Archaeological Studymonograph

All attested forms of שֶׁלֶט

m p absolute

שְּׁלָטִים

2Ki 11:10, 2Ch 23:9, Jer 51:11

m p construct

שִׁלְטֵי

2Sa 8:7, 1Ch 18:7, Sng 4:4

m p construct

שִׁלְטֵיהֶם

Ezk 27:11