StrongerBible

sha'on

שָׁאוֹן

HebrewH7588roar, tumult, ...

Appears 18 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Psa 40:2(3)Psa 65:7(8) (2×)Psa 74:23Isa 5:14Isa 13:4Isa 17:12 (2×)Isa 17:13Isa 24:8Isa 25:5Isa 66:6Jer 25:31Jer 46:17Jer 48:45Jer 51:55Hos 10:14Amo 2:2
Root family
Word studyshah-OHNnoun

What sha'on means

a loud roaring din: the deep, rushing noise of surf, of a massed crowd or army, or of revelry

TranslatabilityApproximateCertaintyStrong

This word names a big, rolling, low sound: not a single cry but the continuous roar that rises from something vast and in motion. The same word covers three settings that all share that quality of a heavy, surging noise.

  • the crash and roar of the sea and of rushing water
  • the uproar of a packed crowd, of hostile nations, and the din of battle
  • the loud noise of feasting and celebration

The prophets lean on the overlap: they picture invading armies as a roaring flood, so the roar of the waters and the roar of the nations become one image (Isaiah 17:12 to 13). It sits close to הָמוֹן, which points more to the surging multitude that makes the noise, while this word points to the roar itself, and to תְּרוּעָה, which is a sharp shout or war cry rather than a rolling din.

Because the sound is almost always the noise of a crowd or a flood about to break, the word usually carries a threat. When God is said to still it or bring it down, the point is that he masters the chaos, whether it is the sea or the raging of the peoples.

Nuances

1athe roar of the sea and of rushing waters
TranslatabilityDirect
Psa 65:7(8) (2×)Isa 17:13Jer 51:55
1bthe uproar of a crowd, of hostile nations, and the din of war
Psa 74:23Isa 13:4Isa 17:12 (2×)Isa 25:5Isa 66:6Jer 25:31Jer 46:17Jer 48:45Hos 10:14Amo 2:2
1cthe loud noise of revelry and celebration
Isa 5:14Isa 24:8
1dthe roaring pit: the churning deep pictured as the place of ruin one is drawn up from
TranslatabilityPartialCertaintyContested
Psa 40:2(3)

What scholars say about sha'on

The lexica treat שָׁאוֹן as a noun of loud sound built on the root שׁאה, glossed "roar, din, tumult, uproar," with three main domains: the roar of sea and waters (Psalm 65:8 MT; Isaiah 17:12 to 13; Jeremiah 51:55), the din of a multitude and of war (Isaiah 13:4; 25:5; 66:6; Jeremiah 25:31; 48:45; Hosea 10:14; Amos 2:2), and the noise of revelry (Isaiah 5:14; 24:8). Two verses are cruxes. In Psalm 40:3 (MT) the construct מִבּוֹר שָׁאוֹן is read either within the roar sense (the tumultuous watery deep) or as "pit of destruction/desolation," drawing on the root's allied nuance of crashing into ruin; both are represented in the lexica and the versions. In Jeremiah 46:17 שָׁאוֹן is applied to Pharaoh, where interpreters divide over whether it functions as an epithet or nickname or as a straightforward description of empty bluster. The synonym field runs closest to הָמוֹן (the roaring multitude) and touches תְּרוּעָה (the shout or blast).

Sources

  • BDB, s.v. שָׁאוֹןlexicon
  • HALOT, s.v. שָׁאוֹןlexicon
  • DCH, s.v. שָׁאוֹןlexicon

All attested forms of שָׁאוֹן

m s construct

שְׁאוֹן

Psa 65:7, Psa 65:7, Psa 74:23, Isa 13:4, Isa 17:12, Isa 17:12, Isa 17:13, Isa 24:8

m s absolute

שָׁאוֹן

Psa 40:2, Isa 66:6, Jer 25:31, Jer 46:17, Jer 48:45, Hos 10:14, Amo 2:2

m s construct

שְׁאוֹנָהּ

Isa 5:14