StrongerBible

rishah

רִשְׁעָה

HebrewH7564wickedness, guilt, ...

Appears 15 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Deu 9:4Deu 9:5Deu 25:2Pro 11:5Pro 13:6Isa 9:18(17)Ezk 5:6Ezk 18:20Ezk 18:27Ezk 33:12Ezk 33:19Zec 5:8Mal 1:4Mal 3:15Mal 4:1(3:19)
Root family
Names & words formed with this
Word studyrish-AHnoun

What rishah means

wickedness: active moral evil and the guilt it carries, the settled opposite of doing right

TranslatabilityApproximateCertaintySettled

Rish'ah is the noun for wickedness: not one wrong act but the whole condition of being and doing evil, together with the guilt that clings to it. It is the fixed opposite of righteousness, and the two are repeatedly set side by side, one keeping a person safe and the other dragging him down.

A thread runs through these verses: wickedness recoils on the one who practices it. Proverbs says it overthrows the sinner and topples the wicked by their own weight. Isaiah pictures it as a fire that consumes, and Zechariah even personifies it as a figure sealed inside a basket and carried off. In the same vein the prophets speak of a nation's wickedness as the reason God acts against it, and of a person's wickedness as something charged to his own account, which he can also turn away from and be spared. Wickedness here is never neutral or self-contained; it is a debt that comes due.

In one legal setting the word narrows to the guilt itself: a guilty man is beaten in proportion to what he has done to deserve it. There the wickedness is measured and weighed against a penalty, closer to the English word "guilt" than to a broad "evil."

The closest relative is the masculine noun רֶשַׁע, which covers much the same ground; a separate word names the wicked person himself, while rish'ah is the wickedness he embodies.

Nuances

1awickedness as active moral evil: wrongdoing and the wicked life, pictured as a force that consumes and topples the one who practices it
Deu 9:4Deu 9:5Pro 11:5Pro 13:6Isa 9:18(17)Ezk 5:6Ezk 18:20Ezk 18:27Zec 5:8Mal 1:4Mal 3:15Mal 4:1(3:19)
1bguilt: culpable wrongdoing weighed out to fix the penalty it deserves
Deu 25:2

What scholars say about rishah

The standard lexica treat rišʿâ as the feminine abstract noun of the root ršʿ, denoting wickedness and, in forensic contexts, the guilt that wickedness incurs (BDB; HALOT). It stands in fixed antithesis to righteousness (Prov 13:6; Ezek 33:12) and belongs to the vocabulary of moral and legal accountability, where a person's rišʿâ is what judgment answers to (Deut 9:4-5; Deut 25:2). C. van Leeuwen's TLOT survey of the root stresses its forensic orientation: the rāšāʿ is the party in the wrong in a dispute, and rišʿâ is the condition of being in the wrong. The sense is not in dispute; the lexica agree, and no live debate attends its meaning.

Sources

  • HALOT, s.v. רִשְׁעָהlexicon
  • BDB, s.v. רִשְׁעָה, p. 958lexicon
  • C. van Leeuwen, "רשׁע ršʿ to be guilty," TLOT 3:1261-1265dictionary
  • TWOT §2222 (rāšaʿ)dictionary

All attested forms of רִשְׁעָה

f s absolute

רִשְׁעָה

Pro 13:6, Isa 9:18, Ezk 5:6, Zec 5:8, Mal 1:4, Mal 3:15, Mal 4:1

f s construct

רִשְׁעַת

Deu 9:4, Deu 9:5, Ezk 18:20, Ezk 33:12

f s construct

רִשְׁעָתוֹ

Deu 25:2, Pro 11:5, Ezk 18:27, Ezk 33:19