qerev

Biblical Aramaic קְרֵב occurs nine times. Five are peal and intransitive, "to approach, draw near" (Dan 3:8; 3:26; 6:12 [Aramaic 6:13]; 6:20 [Aramaic 6:21]; 7:16); four are causative, haphel at Dan 7:13 and Ezra 6:10, 6:17, and pael at Ezra 7:17. HALOT's Aramaic section, BDB's Aramaic lexicon, and Vogt treat the intransitive and causative uses as the ordinary voice alternation of a single root rather than as separate lexemes. The root is the standard Aramaic verb of approach across the dialects (Targumic and Syriac qreb), and its causative supplies the regular cultic term for presenting an offering, matching the role of Hebrew קרב in the hiphil throughout the priestly sacrificial legislation and its derived noun קָרְבָּן; Williamson notes that the Ezra passages use the vocabulary of the Aramaic administrative and cultic idiom of the Persian period rather than translating Hebrew formulae. Ezra 7:17 alone is pael; Rosenthal and Bauer-Leander observe that in Biblical Aramaic the pael and haphel are not consistently kept functionally distinct, and no difference in sense from the haphel of Ezra 6:10 and 6:17 is discernible. At Dan 7:13 הַקְרְבוּהִי is a plural form with no expressed subject: Montgomery and Collins read it as an indefinite plural functionally equivalent to a passive, most naturally with the attending host of vv. 10 and 16 in view, and קֳדָמוֹהִי הַקְרְבוּהִי is the same courtly presentation idiom the book uses elsewhere for being brought before a monarch. The heavily litigated questions at Dan 7:13 concern the identity of the one like a son of man and the Old Greek reading ὡς παλαιὸς ἡμερῶν against Theodotion's ἕως παλαιοῦ ἡμερῶν; neither turns on the sense of this verb.