disgrace: the public loss of honor and good standing, the opposite of glory
In the world of the Bible, honor and shame were public currency. A person's worth was measured by how they stood in the eyes of the community, and this word names the collapse of that standing: to be held cheap, brought low, stripped of respect in front of others. It is the mirror image of "weight" or "glory" (כָּבוֹד), and the two are set against each other again and again (Proverbs 3:35; Hosea 4:7).
The books of wisdom tie disgrace to folly and pride. It is what the mocker, the lazy, and the arrogant earn for themselves (Proverbs 11:2; 13:18; 18:3). The prophets use it for national humiliation: a defeated nation or a proud city, often pictured as a woman shamed in public, wears this disgrace before watching peoples (Hosea 4:7; Habakkuk 2:16; Jeremiah 46:12).
In Jeremiah and Nahum the disgrace turns concrete and visible. A woman's skirts are thrown up over her face so that her shame is exposed to onlookers. Here the word leans toward the humiliation of public nakedness, disgrace made into a spectacle rather than felt in private.