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qol

קוֹל

HebrewH6963voice, sound, ...

Appears 506 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Gen 3:8Gen 3:17Gen 4:10Gen 4:23Gen 16:2Gen 21:17 (2×)Gen 22:18Gen 26:5Gen 27:8Gen 27:13Gen 27:22 (2×)Gen 27:43Gen 30:6Gen 39:14Gen 39:15Gen 39:18Gen 45:16Exo 4:1Exo 4:8 (2×)Exo 15:26Exo 18:19Exo 18:24Exo 19:5Exo 19:16Exo 19:19 (2×)Exo 20:18Exo 24:3Exo 32:17 (2×)Exo 32:18 (3×)Exo 36:6Num 7:89Num 14:22Num 21:3Deu 4:12Deu 5:22Deu 5:23Deu 8:20Deu 13:18(19)Deu 15:5Deu 21:18 (2×)Deu 26:14Deu 27:10Deu 27:14Deu 28:1Deu 28:2Deu 28:15Deu 28:45Deu 28:62Jos 22:2Jdg 2:2
Names & words formed with this
Word studykohlnoun

What qol means

a sound that reaches the ear: most often a voice, but also any noise a thing makes, and the words a voice carries.

TranslatabilityPartialCertaintySettled

At its core this is the word for a sound that reaches a hearer. Its center of gravity is the voice, the sound a living being makes when it speaks, sings, weeps, or calls out, whether that being is a person or God. But the same word stretches naturally to cover any noise at all: thunder, a trumpet, marching feet, rushing water, the roar of a city, even the rustle of a leaf. Hebrew does not split voice and sound into two words the way English does, so one word does the work of both, and the context tells you which is meant.

Because a voice carries words, the word also slides from the sound itself to what the sound says. So it can mean a report, a proclamation, or a public summons, the message the voice delivers rather than its bare noise.

Two fixed expressions grow out of this. To lift up the voice is to break out loud, almost always in weeping or in a great shout. And to listen to the voice of someone, above all God, is the ordinary Hebrew way of saying to obey: the faithful person heeds what the voice says, while the rebel is the one who will not listen to it. These are shades of one idea, not separate words. A reader can move from God's voice at Sinai, to the sound of the trumpet there, to the people's pledge to heed that voice, without ever leaving the same Hebrew word.

Nuances

1athe voice of a person or of God: the sound of a living being speaking, calling, or singing.
Gen 3:10Gen 21:17 (2×)Gen 27:22 (2×)Exo 4:8 (2×)Num 7:89Deu 4:12Deu 4:33Deu 5:22Deu 5:23Deu 5:24Deu 5:251Sa 1:13
1bthe sound or noise made by a thing: thunder, a trumpet, footsteps, water, fire, or the roar of a crowd or city.
Gen 3:8Exo 9:23Exo 9:28Exo 9:29Exo 9:33Exo 9:34Exo 19:16Exo 19:19 (2×)Exo 20:18Exo 32:17 (2×)Exo 32:18 (3×)Jos 6:5
1cto lift up or raise the voice: to break out loud, almost always in weeping or in a great shout.
Gen 21:16Gen 27:38Gen 29:11Gen 39:14Gen 39:15Gen 39:18Gen 45:2Num 14:1Jdg 2:4Jdg 21:2Rut 1:9Rut 1:14
1dto listen to or heed someone's voice: the ordinary Hebrew way of saying to obey, and its refusal the way of saying to rebel.
Gen 3:17Gen 16:2Gen 22:18Gen 26:5Exo 5:2Exo 15:26Exo 19:5Exo 23:21Exo 23:22Deu 8:20Deu 13:4Deu 13:18(19)
1ethe message a voice carries: a report, proclamation, or summons, the words rather than the bare sound.
Gen 45:16Exo 4:1Exo 24:3Exo 36:62Ch 24:92Ch 30:52Ch 36:22Ezr 1:1Ezr 10:7Neh 8:15Isa 66:6Jer 4:16

What scholars say about qol

The standard critical lexicons (HALOT, BDB, DCH) treat this as a single noun whose basic sense is sound, centered on the voice but extending freely to any audible noise. They do not split it into homonyms; the apparently separate dictionary glosses (voice, sound, thunder, proclamation) are facets of one word, distinguished by context rather than by root. Two idiomatic uses are widely recognized: the phrase to lift up the voice for loud weeping or shouting, and the phrase to listen to or heed the voice (with the verb shama) as the regular expression for obedience, prominent in Deuteronomy and Jeremiah. The recurring image of thunder as the voice of God, fully developed in Psalm 29, is treated as poetic theophany language rather than a separate lexical sense. There is no significant dispute over the word's meaning; the interpretive questions are local, such as whether a given occurrence names a voice or a noise (Genesis 3:8; 1 Kings 19:12).

Sources

  • HALOT (Koehler-Baumgartner), s.v. קולlexicon
  • BDB (Brown-Driver-Briggs), s.v. קולlexicon
  • DCH (Clines, ed.), s.v. קולlexicon
  • C. J. Labuschagne, "קול qol voice," in Theological Lexicon of the Old Testament (TLOT) 3:1131-1134dictionary
  • Eugene Carpenter, "קול," in New International Dictionary of Old Testament Theology and Exegesis (NIDOTTE) 3:887-890dictionary

All attested forms of קוֹל

m s construct

קוֹל, בְּקוֹל, וְקוֹל, לְקוֹל, מִקּוֹל, כְּקוֹל, וּבְקוֹל, קֹל, קֹּל

Gen 3:8, Gen 4:10, Gen 21:17, Gen 21:17, Gen 27:22, Exo 19:19, Exo 20:18, Exo 32:17

m s absolute

קוֹל, בְּקוֹל, הַקּוֹל, וְקוֹל, קּוֹל, קֹּל, וּבְקוֹל, וְהַקּוֹל, וָקוֹל, לְקוֹל, מִקּוֹל

Exo 24:3, Exo 36:6, Deu 4:12, Deu 5:22, Deu 27:14, 2Sa 15:23, 2Sa 19:4, 1Ki 8:55

m s construct

קוֹלִי, קֹלִי, בְּקוֹלִי, לְקוֹלִי, וּבְקוֹלִי, וְקוֹלִי

Gen 4:23, Gen 39:15, Gen 39:18, 1Sa 26:17, 2Sa 22:7, Job 9:16, Psa 3:4, Psa 5:3

m s construct

קֹלוֹ, קוֹלוֹ, בְּקוֹלוֹ, וּבְקוֹלוֹ, וְקוֹלוֹ

Gen 27:38, Gen 29:11, Gen 45:2, Exo 5:2, Exo 23:21, Exo 23:22, Deu 4:30, Deu 4:36

m s construct

קוֹלָם, בְּקוֹלָם, קֹלָם, מִקּוֹלָם

Num 14:1, Jdg 2:4, Jdg 21:2, 1Sa 11:4, 1Sa 30:4, 2Sa 13:36, Job 2:12, Psa 19:3

m s construct

קוֹלֶךָ, קֹלֶךָ, בְּקוֹלֶךָ, קֹלְךָ, הֲקוֹלְךָ, קוֹלְךָ

Job 38:34, Pro 2:3, Ecc 5:6, Isa 58:1, Mic 6:1, Exo 3:18, Exo 4:9, Dan 9:11

f p absolute

קֹלוֹת, קֹלֹת, קֹּלוֹת, הַקּוֹלֹת, קֹּלֹת

1Sa 12:17, Job 28:26, Job 38:25, Exo 9:23, Exo 19:16, 1Sa 12:18, Exo 9:29, Exo 9:33

m s construct

קוֹלֵךְ, בְקוֹלֵךְ, לְקוֹלֵךְ

Sng 2:14, Sng 2:14, Isa 10:30, Isa 29:4, Isa 40:9, Jer 22:20, Jer 31:16, 1Sa 25:35

m s construct

קוֹלָהּ, בְּקוֹלָהּ, קֹלָהּ, וְקוֹלָהּ

Pro 1:20, Pro 8:1, Jer 46:22, Jer 49:21, 2Sa 13:14, Jer 12:8, Gen 21:12, Gen 21:16

m s construct

קֹלֵנוּ, בְּקוֹלֵנוּ

Num 20:16, Deu 21:20, Deu 26:7, 2Sa 12:18

m s construct

קוֹלְכֶם, קֹלְכֶם

Jos 6:10, Isa 58:4, Deu 1:45, 1Sa 12:1

f p construct

קֹּלוֹת, קֹלֹת

Psa 93:4, Exo 9:28

m s construct

קוֹלָן

Rut 1:9, Rut 1:14