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tselem

צְלֵם

AramaicH6755image, statue

Appears 17 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Dan 2:31 (2×)Dan 2:32Dan 2:34Dan 2:35Dan 3:1Dan 3:2Dan 3:3 (2×)Dan 3:5Dan 3:7Dan 3:10Dan 3:12Dan 3:14Dan 3:15Dan 3:18Dan 3:19
Word studytseh-LEMnoun

What tselem means

a statue: a freestanding, three-dimensional figure set up to be seen

TranslatabilityApproximateCertaintySettled

This is the ordinary Aramaic word for a statue, a solid figure shaped and set upright so that people look at it. Every time it appears it names a physical, standing object: the towering figure Nebuchadnezzar saw in his dream, made of gold, silver, bronze, iron, and clay, and the golden statue he later raised on an open plain and ordered everyone to bow down to.

The word itself says nothing about worship or hidden meaning. A statue is simply a statue; whatever surrounds it, a king's dream or a forced ceremony, comes from the story, not from the term. In the dream the figure stands for a line of kingdoms, but that reading is Daniel's interpretation of the vision, not a sense built into the word.

It is the close Aramaic relative of the Hebrew צֶלֶם, the word behind the "image of God" in the opening pages of Genesis, and it matches the Greek εἰκών that later carries "image" in the New Testament. In Daniel, though, it stays firmly concrete: a made object of metal, tall enough to loom over a crowd.

Dan 2:31 (2×)Dan 2:32Dan 2:34Dan 2:35Dan 3:1Dan 3:2Dan 3:3 (2×)Dan 3:5Dan 3:7Dan 3:10Dan 3:12Dan 3:14

What scholars say about tselem

The Aramaic noun צְלֵם is the cognate of Hebrew צֶלֶם and denotes a three-dimensional statue, effigy, or figure; it is well attested across Imperial Aramaic and the wider Semitic world for statues of gods and kings. The lexica (HALOT Aramaic; BDB, Aramaic section) give a single sense, "image, statue," and commentators on Daniel treat both the colossal dream figure of chapter 2 and Nebuchadnezzar's golden image of chapter 3 as the same term with no shift of meaning. The symbolic force in chapter 2, where the statue's materials represent a succession of empires, belongs to Daniel's interpretation of the vision rather than to the lexical sense of the word.

Sources

  • Koehler, Baumgartner, and Stamm, The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament (HALOT), Aramaic section, s.v. צלםlexicon
  • Brown, Driver, and Briggs (BDB), Aramaic section, s.v. צלםlexicon
  • John J. Collins, Daniel (Hermeneia; Fortress, 1993)commentary

All attested forms of צְלֵם

c s determined

צַלְמָא

Dan 2:31, Dan 2:32, Dan 2:34, Dan 2:35, Dan 3:2, Dan 3:3, Dan 3:3, Dan 3:15

c s construct

צֶלֶם, צְלֵם

Dan 3:5, Dan 3:7, Dan 3:10, Dan 3:12, Dan 3:14, Dan 3:18, Dan 3:19

c s absolute

צְלֵם

Dan 2:31, Dan 3:1