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paqaḥ

פָּקַח

HebrewH6491open

Appears 20 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Gen 3:5Gen 3:7Gen 21:192Ki 4:352Ki 6:17 (2×)2Ki 6:20 (2×)2Ki 19:16Job 14:3Job 27:19Psa 146:8Pro 20:13Isa 35:5Isa 37:17Isa 42:7Isa 42:20Jer 32:19Dan 9:18Zec 12:4
Root family
Names & words formed with this
Word studypah-KAKHverb

What paqaḥ means

to open the eyes (or ears): to bring the faculty of perception into action, whether by waking, granting sight, or turning one's gaze toward someone

TranslatabilityApproximateCertaintySettled

This verb names one specific act: the opening of eyes. In nearly every verse it is eyes that are opened, and just once it is the ears (Isaiah 42:20). That narrow focus sets it apart from the ordinary verb for opening, פָּתַח, which opens doors, gates, mouths, wombs, and hands. When the text wants to speak of the organs of perception coming into use, it reaches for this word.

From that literal act the word moves naturally into the realm of perception. When God "opens" someone's eyes, the person suddenly sees what was there all along: the well that saves Hagar and her son, the fiery horses ringed around Elisha, or, in Eden, a painful new awareness of self. The eyes were never physically shut; what changes is that the person now perceives.

Two uses stand on their own. The prophets promise that God will open the eyes of the blind, a signature act of his saving work. And a recurring image speaks of God's own eyes being open toward people, a plea (or a warning) that he is watching, attentive to human need and to human wrongdoing alike.

Nuances

1ato open the eyes: a person opening or using their own eyes, whether waking, reviving, or staying alert
TranslatabilityDirect
2Ki 4:35Job 27:19Pro 20:13
1bto open someone's eyes so they perceive what they could not see before, whether a hidden reality or a startling new awareness
Gen 3:5Gen 3:7Gen 21:192Ki 6:17 (2×)2Ki 6:20 (2×)
1cto open the eyes of the blind: to grant or restore sight, a hallmark of God's saving work
Psa 146:8Isa 35:5Isa 42:7
1d(of God's eyes) to hold them open toward someone: to watch, attend, and respond, whether in care or in scrutiny
2Ki 19:16Job 14:3Isa 37:17Jer 32:19Dan 9:18Zec 12:4
1eto open the ears, so that hearing can function
Isa 42:20

What scholars say about paqaḥ

The standard lexica (HALOT, BDB, DCH) treat פקח as a single verb meaning "to open," used almost exclusively of the eyes and once of the ears (Isaiah 42:20); it never opens a door, a mouth, or a womb, unlike the general verb פתח. They catalog the same range within that one sense: the literal opening of the eyes, God opening eyes to grant perception (Genesis 21:19; 2 Kings 6:17, 20), the opening of blind eyes in salvation oracles (Isaiah 35:5; 42:7; Psalm 146:8), and the idiom of God opening his eyes to watch over or scrutinize (Jeremiah 32:19; Job 14:3; Zechariah 12:4). The verb occurs in the qal and niphal, and there is no dispute over its core meaning.

Sources

  • HALOT, s.v. פקחlexicon
  • BDB, s.v. פקחlexicon
  • DCH, s.v. פקחlexicon

All attested forms of פָּקַח

qal imperative 2ms

פְּקַח

2Ki 6:17, 2Ki 6:20, 2Ki 19:16, Pro 20:13, Isa 37:17, Dan 9:18

qal consecutive-imperfect 3ms

וַיִּפְקַח

Gen 21:19, 2Ki 4:35, 2Ki 6:17, 2Ki 6:20

niphal consecutive-imperfect 3fp

וַתִּפָּקַחְנָה

Gen 3:7

niphal consecutive-perfect 3cp

וְנִפְקְחוּ

Gen 3:5

niphal imperfect 3fp

תִּפָּקַחְנָה

Isa 35:5

qal imperfect 1cs

אֶפְקַח

Zec 12:4

qal infinitive-absolute absolute

פָּקוֹחַ

Isa 42:20

qal infinitive-construct construct

פְקֹחַ

Isa 42:7

qal participle m s absolute

פֹּקֵחַ

Psa 146:8

qal passive-participle f p absolute

פְקֻחוֹת

Jer 32:19

qal perfect 2ms

פָּקַחְתָּ

Job 14:3

qal perfect 3ms

פָּקַח

Job 27:19