StrongerBible

eqev

עֵקֶב

HebrewH6118reward, because, ...

Appears 15 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Gen 22:18Gen 26:5Num 14:24Deu 7:12Deu 8:202Sa 12:62Sa 12:10Psa 19:11(12)Psa 40:15(16)Psa 70:3(4)Psa 119:33Psa 119:112Pro 22:4Isa 5:23Amo 4:12
Root family
Word studyEH-kevnoun

What eqev means

consequence: the outcome that follows a course of conduct, whether the reward it earns or, as a connecting word, the reason ("because") for what comes next

TranslatabilityPartialCertaintyStrong

This word grows from a simple picture: the heel, what comes last and follows behind. From there it names whatever follows behind an action, its consequence. In practice that idea travels a surprising distance across the Hebrew Bible.

At its most concrete it is the reward or result that a way of living brings on, as in the "great reward" of keeping God's commands or the riches, honor, and life that follow humility. Stretched a step further, it becomes a linking word meaning "because" or "as a consequence of," tying a promise or a judgment to the conduct that earned it: Abraham is blessed "because" he obeyed; David's house keeps the sword "because" he despised the LORD. A third, quieter use points down the road to the lasting outcome, keeping God's ways "to the very end."

Underneath all three lies one thread: an act and what it produces are bound together, and this word names the link. A near cousin for the plain causal sense is יַעַן, which also means "because"; for the reward sense, the word for wages, שָׂכָר, sits close by.

Nuances

1areward, recompense: the good outcome that a course of conduct earns
TranslatabilityApproximate
Psa 19:11(12)Pro 22:4
1bbecause, as a consequence of: a connecting word giving the ground or reason for what follows
TranslatabilityDirect
Gen 22:18Gen 26:5Num 14:24Deu 7:12Deu 8:202Sa 12:62Sa 12:10Psa 40:15(16)Psa 70:3(4)Isa 5:23Amo 4:12
1cto the very end: the lasting or final outcome as a horizon of faithfulness
Psa 119:33Psa 119:112

What scholars say about eqev

The standard lexica treat עֵקֶב as a single noun meaning "consequence, result," derived from the same root as עָקֵב "heel" (that which comes behind or last). BDB and HALOT trace three uses from this base: (1) the adverbial "reward, recompense" (Ps 19:12 [Eng 11]; Prov 22:4); (2) a grammaticalized causal particle "because, in consequence of," often עֵקֶב אֲשֶׁר or עֵקֶב כִּי, and also governing a following noun (Gen 22:18; 26:5; Isa 5:23); and (3) an adverbial "to the end" (Ps 119:33, 112), where some read the recompense sense instead. The move from concrete noun to causal conjunction is a well-attested grammaticalization; DCH catalogs the range similarly. The reward-versus-end question in Ps 119 is a genuine interpretive divergence but does not unsettle the word's core meaning.

Sources

  • HALOT, s.v. עֵקֶבlexicon
  • BDB, s.v. עֵקֶבlexicon
  • DCH, s.v. עֵקֶבlexicon

All attested forms of עֵקֶב

m s construct

עֵקֶב

Gen 22:18, Gen 26:5, 2Sa 12:6, 2Sa 12:10, Psa 40:15, Psa 70:3, Pro 22:4, Isa 5:23

m s absolute

עֵקֶב

Num 14:24, Deu 7:12, Deu 8:20, Psa 19:11, Psa 119:33, Psa 119:112, Amo 4:12