StrongerBible

amaq

עָמֹק

HebrewH6009deep, deeply, ...

Appears 9 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Psa 92:5(6)Isa 7:11Isa 29:15Isa 30:33Isa 31:6Jer 49:8Jer 49:30Hos 5:2Hos 9:9
Root family
Word studyah-MAHKverb

What amaq means

to be deep, or to make something deep: to reach far down, out of sight or out of reach

TranslatabilityApproximateCertaintyStrong

This word is about downward distance. Once it simply reports that something is deep: in Psalm 92:5 God's thoughts run further down than a person can follow, set beside the greatness of his works. Every other time the word says that someone made something deep, and Hebrew lets that one action spread in several directions at once.

  • Something is dug or set far down, as with the burning place made ready in Isaiah 30:33.
  • People take themselves down out of reach, which is what Dedan and Hazor are ordered to do when an army is coming.
  • A plan is pushed down out of sight, which is how the schemers of Isaiah 29:15 expect to keep God from seeing it.
  • An action is carried far, so that a nation goes deep into turning away from God.

The last of those is the hardest to see in English, because Hebrew can set this word beside a second verb and let it say how far that second action went. In Isaiah 31:6 the people have made their revolt deep, and in Hosea 9:9 they have gone deep in ruining themselves. English has to supply an adverb, and the depth stops sounding like a place.

The prophets nearly always aim the word downward in the wrong direction: deep in revolt, deep in corruption, deep in secrecy, or deep in a hiding place where an enemy will not find you. The matching adjective (עָמֹק) simply calls a thing deep, while this word says that a thing became deep or was driven deep, usually by someone with a reason.

Nuances

1ato be deep: to run down further than anyone can measure or follow
TranslatabilityDirect
Psa 92:5(6)
1bto make something deep: to dig it low, or send it far down
Isa 7:11Isa 30:33Hos 5:2
1cto go down deep for cover: to get far out of an enemy's reach
TranslatabilityPartial
Jer 49:8Jer 49:30
1dto take something down out of sight: to hide a plan thoroughly
Isa 29:15
1eto go far in doing something: to carry a course of action deep, in these verses always a wrong one
TranslatabilityPartial
Isa 31:6Hos 9:9

What scholars say about amaq

The lexicons treat this as a single root. HALOT and BDB list one plain form, at Psalm 92:6 in Hebrew numbering (English 92:5), of divine thoughts that are unfathomable, alongside eight causative forms that they subdivide roughly three ways: physical deepening (Isaiah 30:33, of the prepared burning place, coordinated with הִרְחִיב; Isaiah 7:11, where שְׁאָלָה is generally taken as שְׁאוֹל with the directional ending, so that the sign may be sought as far down as the underworld); going or dwelling deep to escape notice (the imperatives of Jeremiah 49:8 and 49:30, addressed to Dedan and to Hazor; Isaiah 29:15, where the participle governs לַסְתִּר עֵצָה); and adverbial coordination with a following verb or verbal noun (Isaiah 31:6 with סָרָה, Hosea 9:9 with שִׁחֵתוּ). DCH keeps the last two groups closer together. Hosea 5:2 is a recognized textual crux: MT וְשַׁחֲטָה שֵׂטִים הֶעְמִיקוּ is widely emended, most often to שַׁחַת הַשִּׁטִּים, which yields a pit at Shittim and continues the trapping imagery of 5:1, while the older English tradition construed the verb adverbially with a noun of slaughter. Wolff and Macintosh both survey the options without reaching a settled result. Lundbom treats the Jeremiah imperatives as a call to take refuge in rock clefts and desert hiding places rather than to flee a great distance. None of this disturbs the root's basic sense, on which the lexicons agree.

Sources

  • HALOT, s.v. עמקlexicon
  • BDB, s.v. עמקlexicon
  • DCH, s.v. עמקlexicon
  • Hans Wildberger, Isaiah 1-12: A Commentary, Continental Commentaries (Fortress, 1991), on Isaiah 7:11commentary
  • Hans Walter Wolff, Hosea, Hermeneia (Fortress, 1974), on Hosea 5:2commentary
  • A. A. Macintosh, A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on Hosea, ICC (T&T Clark, 1997), on Hosea 5:2commentary
  • Jack R. Lundbom, Jeremiah 37-52, Anchor Bible 21C (Doubleday, 2004), on Jeremiah 49:8commentary

All attested forms of עָמֹק

hiphil perfect 3cp

הֶעְמִיקוּ

Isa 31:6, Hos 5:2, Hos 9:9

hiphil imperative 2mp

הֶעְמִיקוּ

Jer 49:8, Jer 49:30

hiphil infinitive-absolute absolute

הַעְמֵק

Isa 7:11

hiphil participle m p absolute

מַּעֲמִיקִים

Isa 29:15

hiphil perfect 3ms

הֶעְמִיק

Isa 30:33

qal perfect 3cp

עָמְקוּ

Psa 92:5