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ammud

עַמּוּד

HebrewH5982pillar, column, ...

Appears 111 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Exo 13:21 (2×)Exo 13:22 (2×)Exo 14:19Exo 14:24Exo 26:32Exo 26:37Exo 27:10 (2×)Exo 27:11 (2×)Exo 27:12Exo 27:14Exo 27:15Exo 27:16Exo 27:17Exo 33:9Exo 33:10Exo 35:11Exo 35:17Exo 36:36Exo 36:38Exo 38:10 (2×)Exo 38:11 (2×)Exo 38:12 (2×)Exo 38:14Exo 38:15Exo 38:17 (3×)Exo 38:19Exo 38:28Exo 39:33Exo 39:40Exo 40:18Num 3:36Num 3:37Num 4:31Num 4:32Num 12:5Num 14:14 (2×)Deu 31:15 (2×)Jdg 16:25Jdg 16:26Jdg 16:291Ki 7:2 (2×)1Ki 7:31Ki 7:6 (2×)1Ki 7:15 (3×)1Ki 7:161Ki 7:171Ki 7:181Ki 7:191Ki 7:21 (3×)1Ki 7:41 (2×)
Root family
Word studyah-MOODnoun

What ammud means

a pillar: an upright column that holds something up or stands as a fixed, towering marker

TranslatabilityApproximateCertaintySettled

This word comes straight from the verb "to stand," and that picture governs every use: something set upright that stays put and bears weight or marks a place. Most often it is a literal column of wood, bronze, or stone, the kind that held up the tabernacle's curtains, framed the temple, and lined a king's palace.

From that concrete image the word stretches in two natural directions. It can name a column-shaped mass that rises into the sky, the towering shaft of cloud and fire by which God led Israel, or a column of smoke climbing from a burning city. And it can be used of the unseen supports that keep the world steady, the pillars on which the earth and the sky are imagined to rest.

Because a pillar is the very image of something fixed and unmovable, the word also works as a picture of steadfastness: God promises to make the prophet Jeremiah "an iron pillar" against a whole nation. In each case the reader should hear the same root idea, an upright thing that stands firm.

Nuances

1aa built column of wood, bronze, or stone in a tent, temple, or building
Exo 26:32Exo 26:37Exo 27:10 (2×)Exo 27:11 (2×)Exo 27:12Exo 27:14Exo 27:15Exo 27:16Exo 27:17Exo 35:11Exo 35:17Exo 36:36
1bthe towering column of cloud by day and of fire by night in which God led and met Israel
Exo 13:21 (2×)Exo 13:22 (2×)Exo 14:19Exo 14:24Exo 33:9Exo 33:10Num 12:5Num 14:14 (2×)Deu 31:15 (2×)Neh 9:12Neh 9:19Psa 99:7
1cthe unseen supports that hold up the earth and the sky
Job 9:6Job 26:11Psa 75:3(4)
1da rising column of smoke
Jdg 20:40
1ea person made firm and unmovable, like a pillar that cannot be knocked down
Jer 1:18
1fthe fixed standing-place where a king stood for public ceremony
2Ki 11:142Ki 23:32Ch 23:13
2Ki 11:14

Whether "by the pillar" names a literal column that served as the king's customary station or a raised platform/dais for the king.

  • contestedA specific pillar in the temple court marked the king's standing place.; BDB, s.v. עַמּוּד
  • contestedThe term here denotes a raised platform or station rather than an architectural column.; HALOT, s.v. עַמּוּד

What scholars say about ammud

Standard lexica (BDB, HALOT, DCH) treat עַמּוּד as a single noun derived from the root עמד "to stand," with one core meaning, a standing column, extended across concrete and figurative uses. The dominant use is architectural, the columns of the tabernacle court and the temple, including the named bronze pillars Jachin and Boaz. The theophanic "pillar of cloud / pillar of fire" is the same noun applied to the visible column of God's guiding presence. A small group of poetic texts uses it for the cosmic supports of earth and heaven. The lexica note the uncertain "by the pillar" texts in Kings and Chronicles, where the king's standing-place may be a literal column or a platform.

Sources

  • BDB, s.v. עַמּוּדlexicon
  • HALOT, s.v. עַמּוּדlexicon
  • DCH, s.v. עַמּוּדlexicon
  • TWOT, no. 1637, עמדtheological-dictionary

All attested forms of עַמּוּד

m p absolute

עַמּוּדִים, עַמֻּדִים

Exo 38:11, Exo 38:17, Exo 38:28, Jdg 16:25, 1Ki 7:2, 1Ki 7:3, 1Ki 7:6, 1Ki 7:15

m s construct

עַמּוּד, עַמֻּד

Exo 13:21, Exo 13:21, Exo 13:22, Exo 13:22, Exo 14:19, Exo 14:24, Exo 33:9, Exo 33:10

m p construct

עַמּוּדֵי, עַמֻּדֵי

Exo 26:32, Exo 26:37, Exo 27:17, Exo 36:36, Num 4:32, Jdg 16:29, 1Ki 7:2, 2Ki 25:13

m p construct

עַמֻּדֵיהֶם, עַמּוּדֵיהֶם

Exo 27:12, Exo 27:14, Exo 27:15, Exo 27:16, Exo 38:15, Exo 38:19, Exo 38:10, Exo 38:11

m p construct

עַמֻּדָיו, עַמּוּדָיו

Exo 27:10, Exo 35:11, Exo 35:17, Exo 39:33, Num 3:36, Exo 27:11, Exo 36:38, Exo 40:18

m s absolute

עַמּוּד, עַמֻּד

1Ki 7:15, 1Ki 7:15, 1Ki 7:21, 1Ki 7:21, 2Ki 11:14, 2Ki 23:3, 2Ki 25:17, 2Ki 25:17

m p construct

עַמּוּדֶיהָ, עַמֻּדֶיהָ

Job 9:6, Psa 75:3, Pro 9:1, Exo 39:40

m s construct

עַמּוּדוֹ

2Ch 23:13