StrongerBible

ummah

עֻמָּה

HebrewH5980over against, corresponding to, ...

Appears 32 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Exo 25:27Exo 28:27Exo 37:14Exo 38:18Exo 39:20Lev 3:92Sa 16:13 (2×)1Ki 7:201Ch 24:31 (2×)1Ch 25:81Ch 26:121Ch 26:16Ezk 1:20Ezk 1:21Ezk 3:13Ezk 10:19Ezk 11:22Ezk 45:7
Root family
Word studyoo-MAHpreposition

What ummah means

close beside, or corresponding to: one thing set directly parallel to another, in space or in kind

TranslatabilityApproximateCertaintySettled

This word draws a picture of two things lined up next to each other. It almost always appears with a small attached word (forming le-ummat), and it answers the question next to what, or matching what. Its whole meaning grows out of that single image of things running parallel.

In its plainest use the parallel is physical. One object sits alongside or straight across from another: the gold rings set opposite the frame of the tabernacle, the wheels in Ezekiel's vision moving in step beside the living creatures, or Shimei walking along the ridge across the valley from David while he curses him.

From that picture of things side by side comes the second use, where the parallel is not in space but in kind. One thing corresponds to, matches, or answers to another. Ecclesiastes says that exactly as a person came into the world, so he leaves it, and that God has set good days and hard days to answer one another. The two uses are really one idea, parallelism, seen once with the eye and once with the mind.

Nuances

1aclose beside, alongside, or straight across from something: a physical position running parallel to it
Exo 25:27Exo 28:27Exo 37:14Exo 39:20Lev 3:92Sa 16:13 (2×)1Ki 7:20Ezk 1:20Ezk 1:21Ezk 3:13Ezk 10:19Ezk 11:22
1bcorresponding to, matching, or in keeping with something: a parallel not in space but in kind, measure, or fate
Exo 38:181Ch 24:31 (2×)1Ch 25:81Ch 26:121Ch 26:16Neh 12:24Ecc 5:16Ecc 7:14Ezk 3:8

What scholars say about ummah

The lexica treat עֻמָּה as a substantive of contact or junction, almost always used adverbially in the compound preposition לְעֻמַּת, and most connect it with the root עמם in the sense of joining or being associated. BDB glosses the range as "close by, side by side with, parallel to, corresponding to, agreeing with, in proportion to," and HALOT and DCH agree on the same spatial-to-correspondence spread. The extension from physical juxtaposition to abstract correspondence (the Ecclesiastes and Chronicles antiphonal uses) is standard and undisputed; the etymological link to עַם / עמם is probable but not load-bearing for the sense.

Sources

  • BDB, s.v. עֻמָּהlexicon
  • HALOT, s.v. עֻמָּהlexicon
  • DCH, s.v. עֻמָּהlexicon

All attested forms of עֻמָּה

f s construct

עֻמַּת

Exo 25:27, Exo 28:27, Exo 37:14, Exo 38:18, Exo 39:20, Lev 3:9, 1Ki 7:20, 1Ch 24:31

f s construct

עֻמָּתָם

Ezk 1:20, Ezk 1:21, Ezk 3:13, Ezk 10:19, Ezk 11:22

f s construct

עֻמָּתוֹ

2Sa 16:13, 2Sa 16:13

f p construct

עֻמּוֹת

Ezk 45:7