StrongerBible

netaḥ

נֵתַח

HebrewH5409piece, part, ...

Appears 13 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Exo 29:17 (2×)Lev 1:6Lev 1:8Lev 1:12Lev 8:20 (2×)Lev 9:13Jdg 19:29Ezk 24:4 (2×)Ezk 24:6 (2×)
Root family
Word studyNEH-takhnoun

What netaḥ means

a piece of a butchered animal: one of the sections a carcass is cut into at the joints

TranslatabilityApproximateCertaintySettled

A netach is one of the sections a butchered animal is divided into. It is not a fragment or a scrap. It is a part separated deliberately, the way a butcher takes the thigh off at the joint and sets the shoulder beside it. The word belongs with the verb "to cut up" (נָתַח), which stands next to it in almost every verse: the animal is cut into its pieces, and the pieces are then what someone handles. Hebrew has a different word for an animal split in half down the middle for a covenant ceremony (בֶּתֶר); this one is about jointing a body into its several parts.

Most often the pieces are the parts of an animal being offered up whole. The instructions are unhurried and physical: skin the animal, cut it into its pieces, wash what needs washing, then lay the pieces with the head and the fat on the wood over the fire. Counting the pieces and setting them in order is part of the offering itself, not merely getting ready for it. The word almost always shows up as a set of pieces rather than a single one, because the point is a whole body accounted for part by part.

Away from the altar the same word names cuts of meat for a pot, and once the parts of a human body. In Ezekiel's picture of a boiling cauldron, the choice pieces of thigh and shoulder are the people of Jerusalem, thrown in and later dragged out one by one. In Judges the man who cuts his dead concubine into twelve pieces is described in the vocabulary of the slaughtering floor, and that is exactly the horror: a person handled like a carcass. "Pieces" reads flat in English there, while the Hebrew word never loses the knife.

Nuances

1aone of the sections a sacrificial animal is cut into and arranged on the altar fire
TranslatabilityDirect
Exo 29:17 (2×)Lev 1:6Lev 1:8Lev 1:12Lev 8:20 (2×)Lev 9:13
1ba cut of meat put into a cooking pot
Ezk 24:4 (2×)Ezk 24:6 (2×)
1ca piece of a human body cut up as an animal would be
Jdg 19:29

What scholars say about netaḥ

The lexica agree on the denotation: netach is a piece or portion of the divided carcass of an animal (BDB; HALOT; DCH), a nominal derivative of the verb נתח, "to cut up (a victim) into its parts" (TWOT). Nine of the thirteen occurrences belong to sacrificial prescription and narrative in Exodus 29, Leviticus 1, 8 and 9, where the sectioning of the burnt offering is a discrete ritual act followed by the washing of the entrails and legs and the arrangement of the pieces, with head and suet, on the altar wood; Milgrom treats this as a fixed procedural chain in which the quartering of the animal precedes the priest's ordering of the parts on the fire, and notes that the burnt offering is distinctive in that every piece is consumed. Ezekiel 24:4 and 24:6 transfer the term to the culinary sphere in the parable of the corroded cauldron, where the choice pieces, thigh and shoulder, stand for the population of Jerusalem; the doubled לנתחיה לנתחיה of 24:6 is normally read distributively ("piece by piece"), though the repetition has also been explained as a scribal duplication (Zimmerli). Judges 19:29 applies the noun, with its cognate verb, to the dismemberment of the Levite's concubine, an importation of sacrificial vocabulary that Trible reads as the narrative's climactic act of violation. No lexical dispute attaches to the word's sense.

Sources

  • BDB, s.v. נֵתַחlexicon
  • HALOT, s.v. נֵתַחlexicon
  • DCH, s.v. נֵתַחlexicon
  • TWOT, s.v. נָתַחtheological-dictionary
  • Jacob Milgrom, Leviticus 1-16 (Anchor Bible 3; Doubleday, 1991)commentary
  • Walther Zimmerli, Ezekiel 1: A Commentary on the Book of the Prophet Ezekiel, Chapters 1-24 (Hermeneia; Fortress, 1979)commentary
  • Phyllis Trible, Texts of Terror: Literary-Feminist Readings of Biblical Narratives (Fortress, 1984)monograph

All attested forms of נֵתַח

m p construct

נְתָחֶיהָ

Lev 1:6, Lev 9:13, Ezk 24:4, Ezk 24:6, Ezk 24:6

m p construct

נְתָחָיו

Exo 29:17, Exo 29:17, Lev 1:12, Lev 8:20

m p absolute

נְּתָחִים, נְתָחִים

Lev 1:8, Lev 8:20, Jdg 19:29

m s absolute

נֵתַח

Ezk 24:4