StrongerBible

nokhaḥ

נֹכַח

HebrewH5227before, over against, ...

Appears 25 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Gen 25:21Gen 30:38Exo 14:2Exo 26:35Exo 40:24Num 19:4Jos 15:7Jos 18:17Jdg 18:6Jdg 19:10Jdg 20:431Ki 20:291Ki 22:352Ch 18:34Est 5:1Pro 4:25Ezk 46:9
Root family
Word studyNOH-khakhpreposition

What nokhaḥ means

directly in front of or opposite: the position of facing something head-on

TranslatabilityApproximateCertaintyStrong

At its root this word marks the spot straight in front of something. It sets one thing over against another: the table across from the lampstand, an army camped facing its enemy, a boundary line that runs opposite a landmark. Whatever stands there is squarely before you, head-on.

From that plain picture the word stretches a little. It can point straight ahead, describing eyes or a path aimed directly forward. It can also turn figurative: what is "before" a person is what lies open to their view, so a life lived "before the LORD" is one fully exposed to his watching presence, and an idol set "before the face" is one a person keeps constantly in sight and in heart.

Hebrew has more than one word for "in front of." נֶגֶד is the general term for being before or in the presence of someone, and מוּל likewise means "opposite"; this word leans hardest on facing something squarely. One unusual verse (Genesis 25:21) stretches it toward "for" or "on behalf of," where Isaac pleads with God over his wife's childlessness, and the lexicons themselves hesitate over how to read it there.

Nuances

1ain front of, opposite, or facing: one thing set directly over against another in space
Gen 30:38Exo 14:2Exo 26:35Exo 40:24Num 19:4Jos 15:7Jos 18:17Jdg 19:10Jdg 20:431Ki 20:291Ki 22:352Ch 18:34
1bstraight ahead: with the gaze or course fixed directly forward
Pro 4:25
1cbefore, in full view of: laid open to someone's watching presence, especially God's
TranslatabilityPartial
Jdg 18:6Pro 5:21Jer 17:16Lam 2:19Ezk 14:3Ezk 14:4Ezk 14:7
1dfor, on behalf of: interceding in the face of another's need
CertaintyContested
Gen 25:21

What scholars say about nokhaḥ

נֹכַח is a substantive of place ("the front") used adverbially and as a preposition, from the root nkḥ "to be in front, straight." BDB, HALOT, and DCH agree on the core spatial sense "in front of, opposite, straight ahead," with a figurative extension to "in the sight or presence of," frequently of YHWH. The prefixed forms אֶל־נֹכַח and לְנֹכַח carry the same range. לְנֹכַח in Genesis 25:21 is disputed, read either literally ("opposite / in the presence of his wife") or idiomatically ("on behalf of his wife"), and the lexica note the uncertainty.

Sources

  • BDB, s.v. נֹכַחlexicon
  • HALOT, s.v. נֹכַחlexicon
  • DCH, s.v. נֹכַחlexicon

All attested forms of נֹכַח

m s construct

נֹכַח

Exo 26:35, Exo 40:24, Num 19:4, Jos 15:7, Jos 18:17, Jdg 18:6, Jdg 19:10, Jdg 20:43

conj

נֹכַח

Gen 25:21, Gen 30:38, Pro 4:25

m s construct

נִכְחוֹ

Exo 14:2, Ezk 46:9