StrongerBible

naḥat

נָחֵת

HebrewH5181go down, sink, ...

Appears 11 times · tap a cell to see the verses

1Sa 2:102Sa 22:35Job 17:16Job 21:13Psa 18:34(35)Psa 38:2(3) (2×)Psa 65:10(11)Pro 17:10Jer 21:13Jol 3:11(4:11)
Root family
Word studynah-KHATverb

What naḥat means

to go down, descend, and (when force is applied) to sink in, press down, or bring low.

TranslatabilityApproximateCertaintyContested

This is a rare, mostly poetic verb for downward motion. Where the common, everyday verb for going down is יָרַד, this word tends to appear when the going down is forceful or vivid: an arrow driving into the body, a hand bearing down on a sufferer, an enemy coming down to attack, the dead sinking into the grave.

The same core idea works in two directions. Something goes down on its own, as when a person descends to the grave or a sharp rebuke sinks deep into a wise mind. Or someone drives something down, as when a hand presses hard on a sufferer, rain settles the ridges of a plowed field, or strong arms bend a bow of bronze. Whether the movement happens by itself or is forced, the picture is always of reaching a lower place.

Because its forms look almost identical to another Hebrew verb meaning "to be shattered" or "to be dismayed," several of its lines can be read more than one way, and translations sometimes disagree over whether a verse pictures going down or being broken.

Nuances

1ato go down, descend: to move to a lower place, especially the dead going down to the grave or an enemy coming down to attack.
1Sa 2:10Job 17:16Job 21:13Jer 21:13
1bto sink in, penetrate: to be driven down into something, as an arrow into flesh or a rebuke into the heart.
Psa 38:2(3) (2×)Pro 17:10
1cto press down, bring low: to force something lower, as a hand bearing down, soil settled by rain, warriors brought down, or a bow of bronze bent by the arms.
TranslatabilityPartial
2Sa 22:35Psa 18:34(35)Psa 38:2(3) (2×)Psa 65:10(11)Jol 3:11(4:11)

What scholars say about naḥat

The standard lexicons (BDB, HALOT, DCH) treat this as a distinct verb meaning "to go down, descend," rare and largely poetic, with a causative range "to bring down, press down." Its chief difficulty is that many of its forms are indistinguishable from those of חתת, "to be shattered, dismayed," so several occurrences are assigned differently across lexicons, versions, and commentaries. In 1 Samuel 2:10 most modern translations read חתת ("his adversaries shall be shattered"), while the lexicons list the form under this verb (so McCarter's discussion of Hannah's song). The bronze-bow line of Psalm 18:35 (English 18:34) and its parallel 2 Samuel 22:35 is a long-standing crux, read as bending or drawing down a bow of bronze or, by some, as shattering it (Dahood). Psalm 65:11 (English 65:10) and Joel 4:11 (English 3:11) supply the clearer causative uses, settling the furrows and bringing down the warriors.

Where scholars disagree about naḥat

Which occurrences belong to this verb ("to go down, descend") and which to the similarly spelled verb meaning "to be shattered or dismayed," since many of their forms are identical.

  • contestedThe standard lexicons keep this verb distinct and assign the disputed forms, such as 1 Samuel 2:10 and the bronze-bow line of Psalm 18:34 and 2 Samuel 22:35, to it, reading them as going down, bringing down, or bending down.; BDB (Brown-Driver-Briggs), s.v. נחת; HALOT (Koehler-Baumgartner), s.v. נחת
  • contestedSeveral of those forms are better read as the verb meaning "to be shattered or dismayed," reflected in the common rendering of 1 Samuel 2:10, "the LORD's adversaries shall be shattered."; P. Kyle McCarter Jr., I Samuel, Anchor Bible (1980)

Sources

  • HALOT (Koehler-Baumgartner), s.v. נחתlexicon
  • BDB (Brown-Driver-Briggs), s.v. נחתlexicon
  • DCH (Clines, ed.), s.v. נחתlexicon
  • P. Kyle McCarter Jr., I Samuel, Anchor Bible (1980)commentary
  • Mitchell Dahood, Psalms I: 1-50, Anchor Bible (1966)commentary

All attested forms of נָחֵת

niphal imperfect 3mp

יֵחַתּוּ, יֵחָתּוּ

1Sa 2:10, Job 21:13

hiphil imperative 2ms

הַנְחַת

Jol 3:11

niphal perfect 3cp

נִחֲתוּ

Psa 38:2

piel consecutive-perfect 3fs

וְנִחֲתָה

Psa 18:34

piel consecutive-perfect 3ms

וְנִחַת

2Sa 22:35

piel infinitive-construct construct

נַחֵת

Psa 65:10

qal consecutive-imperfect 3fs

וַתִּנְחַת

Psa 38:2

qal imperfect 1cp

נָחַת

Job 17:16

qal imperfect 3fs

תֵּחַת

Pro 17:10

qal imperfect 3ms

יֵחַת

Jer 21:13