StrongerBible

nazal

נָזַל

HebrewH5140flow, streams, ...

Appears 16 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Exo 15:8Num 24:7Deu 32:2Jdg 5:5Job 36:28Psa 78:16Psa 78:44Psa 147:18Pro 5:15Sng 4:15Sng 4:16Isa 44:3Isa 45:8Isa 48:21Jer 9:18(17)Jer 18:14
Root family
Word studynaw-ZAHLverb

What nazal means

to flow: for water or liquid to run, stream, or trickle along

TranslatabilityApproximateCertaintySettled

At its core this word describes liquid in motion. It is the running of fresh water in a channel, the streaming of a spring down a hillside, the trickle of rain and dew out of the clouds, and the flow of tears from the eyes. The Bible reaches for it whenever water is going somewhere.

Its range is set mostly by where the water is and how hard it moves: the quiet running of a private well, the gentle descent of dew, or the rush of floods upon dry ground. Because the word so often names moving water, its plural form is used almost like a noun for the streams and floods themselves.

The same picture stretches naturally into images. Fragrance flows from a garden, tears flow from grieving eyes, and in the poetry of God's coming the very mountains are said to flow before him. In each case the underlying idea is the same steady movement of something pouring or running.

A distinct shade is the descent of water from above: rain and dew that drip and distil out of the sky, and, by extension, teaching that falls as gently as rain. This overlaps with a neighbor word for slow, drop-by-drop dripping (נָטַף), but here the accent stays on the flowing rather than the single drops. Where English needs several verbs (run, stream, drip, distil, pour), the one word covers them all.

Nuances

1ato flow, run, stream (of water in motion), including water made to flow; also the flowing streams and floods themselves
TranslatabilityDirect
Exo 15:8Num 24:7Psa 78:16Psa 78:44Psa 147:18Pro 5:15Sng 4:15Isa 44:3Isa 48:21Jer 18:14
1bto drip, distil, come down (of rain and dew descending from the sky, and of words likened to them)
Deu 32:2Job 36:28
1cto flow, stream figuratively (of tears, fragrance, poured-out righteousness, or the mountains at God's coming)
Jdg 5:5Sng 4:16Isa 45:8Jer 9:18(17)

What scholars say about nazal

The lexica agree on a base meaning "to flow, trickle, drip." HALOT and BDB treat the qal as the flowing or trickling of water and, in the participle nozelim, as a substantive for running water ("streams, floods"), with the hiphil (Isaiah 48:21) causative "cause to flow" and the niphal (Judges 5:5) intransitive. The word clusters in poetic and prophetic contexts of water, rain, and dew, and extends figuratively to tears (Jeremiah 9:18), fragrance (Song of Songs 4:16), and outpoured righteousness (Isaiah 45:8). Judges 5:5 is the one much-discussed occurrence: within the Sinai theophany the mountains nazelu before the LORD, read by some as streaming with storm water and by others as quaking, with occasional proposals of a different underlying root; the discussion concerns that verse's imagery, not the lexeme's established sense.

Sources

  • HALOT, s.v. נזלlexicon
  • BDB, s.v. נזלlexicon
  • DCH, s.v. נזלlexicon

All attested forms of נָזַל

qal participle m p absolute

נֹזְלִים, נוֹזְלִים

Exo 15:8, Pro 5:15, Sng 4:15, Isa 44:3, Psa 78:16, Jer 18:14

qal imperfect 3mp

יִזְּלוּ

Job 36:28, Psa 147:18, Sng 4:16, Isa 45:8, Jer 9:18

hiphil perfect 3ms

הִזִּיל

Isa 48:21

niphal perfect 3cp

נָזְלוּ

Jdg 5:5

qal imperfect 3fs

תִּזַּל

Deu 32:2

qal imperfect 3ms

יִזַּל

Num 24:7

qal participle m p construct

נֹזְלֵי

Psa 78:44