StrongerBible

miphlat

מִפְלָט

HebrewH4655refuge, escape, ...

Appears 1 time · tap a cell to see the verses

Psa 55:8(9)
Word studyResearch-grademeef-LAHTnoun

What miphlat means

a way out to safety: the place a person escapes to, or the means that makes getting away possible

TranslatabilityApproximateCertaintyStrong

The word turns up only once in the whole Bible, in a psalm written by a man desperate to get away. He wishes for wings like a dove so he could fly off and settle in the wilderness, and then he says he would hurry to his place of escape, out of the raging wind and the storm. So the single picture we have of the word is a hunted man looking for somewhere to get out to.

It belongs to a small family of words built on the verb for coming safely out of danger (פָּלַט). Where that verb names the rescuing itself, and פְּלֵיטָה names either the escape or the people who survived it, this word names the other end of the action: the shelter you reach, the exit that makes escape real.

That family tie is what sets it apart from Hebrew's several other words for safe places:

  • מַחְסֶה is the cover you duck under, a shelter from rain, heat, or attack.
  • מִשְׂגָּב is high ground, safety that comes from being out of reach.
  • מִקְלָט is the city of refuge, a legally protected place where a killer could not be touched.

This word says none of that about walls, height, or law. It says only that there is somewhere to get out to.

Because it occurs once, translators read it from its shape and its family rather than from a pattern of use, and they split two ways. Most take it as a place ("I would hurry to my place of shelter"); others take it as the act itself ("I would hasten my escape"). The line means much the same either way: the psalmist wants out, and fast.

Psa 55:8(9)

What scholars say about miphlat

The noun is a hapax legomenon at Ps 55:9 [Eng 55:8], אָחִישָׁה מִפְלָט לִי מֵרוּחַ סֹעָה מִסָּעַר, and is formed with the mi- prefix that regularly yields nouns of place from a verbal root. The standard lexica accordingly gloss it "place of escape, refuge" (BDB 812; HALOT s.v.), with BDB's older heading of the root under intransitive "escape" accounting for the traditional rendering of the line as "I would hasten my escape" (so KJV), against the locative rendering of most modern versions. Hasel (TDOT 11:551-567) and Ruprecht (TLOT 2:986-990) treat it within the root's nominal inventory alongside פָּלִיט, פְּלֵיטָה, and פֶּלֶט; Hubbard (NIDOTTE 3:621-626) keeps "escape" as the root's central idea across the family. Peter J. Williams (ZAW 114 [2002]: 438-442), endorsed by Aitken and Davies of the Cambridge SAHD project, makes this noun part of his distributional argument that פלט accents arrival at safety while its near-twin מלט accents flight from danger: nouns lexicalize settled states rather than momentary acts, and it is פלט, not מלט, that nominalizes freely. On Ps 55 the psalm's flight imagery (the dove's wings, the wilderness, the storm wind) is standard in the commentary tradition (Kraus, Psalms: A Continental Commentary), and the noun's placement in the sequence of wishes is what drives the locative reading. No dispute over the word's sense is attributable to identifiable scholarship beyond this place-versus-act rendering question.

In-depth research

This is a research paper, so it may be hard to read without scholarly background. It is useful if you want to dig even deeper into this word.

Sources

  • BDB (Brown-Driver-Briggs), s.v. מִפְלָט, p. 812lexicon
  • HALOT (Koehler-Baumgartner), s.v. מִפְלָטlexicon
  • Gerhard F. Hasel, "פלט," in Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament (TDOT) 11:551-567dictionary
  • E. Ruprecht, "פלט," in Theological Lexicon of the Old Testament (TLOT) 2:986-990dictionary
  • Robert L. Hubbard Jr., "פלט," in New International Dictionary of Old Testament Theology and Exegesis (NIDOTTE) 3:621-626dictionary
  • Peter J. Williams, "The Difference between the Roots mlṭ and plṭ," Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft 114 (2002): 438-442article
  • Hans-Joachim Kraus, Psalms: A Continental Commentary (1988-1989)commentary

All attested forms of מִפְלָט

m s absolute

מִפְלָט

Psa 55:8