StrongerBible

masas

מָסַס

HebrewH4549melt, faint, ...

Appears 21 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Exo 16:21Deu 1:28Deu 20:8Jos 2:11Jos 5:1Jos 7:5Jdg 15:141Sa 15:92Sa 17:10 (2×)Psa 22:14(15)Psa 68:2(3)Psa 97:5Psa 112:10Isa 10:18Isa 13:7Isa 19:1Isa 34:3Ezk 21:7(12)Mic 1:4Nam 2:10(11)
Root family
Word studymaw-SAHSverb

What masas means

to melt away: to lose firm shape and dissolve, whether wax before fire, courage before terror, or a life dwindling to nothing

TranslatabilityApproximateCertaintyStrong

At its root the word describes a solid thing losing its firmness and running off like liquid. Manna melts in the morning sun, wax softens before a flame, and the mountains seem to flow like water when God appears. The picture never changes: what once stood firm can no longer hold its shape.

The Bible reaches for this image most often to describe courage draining out of people. When an army hears of an enemy it cannot beat, the people's "heart melts," the way wax loses its edge near a fire. This is the language of panic and collapse, not sorrow: it says that resolve has dissolved and the will to stand and fight is gone. It is the stock expression for the terror that falls on a nation facing judgment or invasion.

A third strand pushes the picture further. A person or thing can simply waste away, dwindling little by little until nothing is left. Here melting shades into perishing, the slow disappearance of something that once had real substance.

A close cousin, מוג, covers almost the same ground and the two are often paired; where this word pictures something dissolving, רפה pictures the hands going slack.

Nuances

1ato melt or dissolve: wax, snow, manna, or mountains losing their solid form
TranslatabilityDirect
Exo 16:21Jdg 15:14Psa 68:2(3)Psa 97:5Isa 34:3Mic 1:4
1b(of the heart) to lose courage: to dissolve in fear and dread
Deu 1:28Deu 20:8Jos 2:11Jos 5:1Jos 7:52Sa 17:10 (2×)Psa 22:14(15)Isa 13:7Isa 19:1Ezk 21:7(12)Nam 2:10(11)
1cto waste away, dwindle, or perish: to lose substance until nothing remains
1Sa 15:9Psa 112:10Isa 10:18

What scholars say about masas

The lexica treat מסס as a single root meaning "melt, dissolve," attested overwhelmingly in the niphal. HALOT, BDB, and DCH group its usage into literal melting (wax, snow, manna, mountains), the idiomatic melting of the heart as a figure for terror and loss of nerve, and a derived sense of wasting or dwindling away. The heart-melting idiom is a fixed expression in the conquest narratives and the prophetic oracles of judgment, and is regularly paralleled with its near-synonym מוג. Two occurrences are text-critically difficult: 1 Samuel 15:9, where נָמֵס is variously vocalized and sometimes emended toward a word for "despised" or "feeble," and Isaiah 10:18 (כִּמְסֹס נֹסֵס), a long-recognized crux whose parsing and imagery remain contested. TDOT discusses the verb within the semantic field of fear and dissolution.

Sources

  • HALOT, s.v. מססlexicon
  • BDB, s.v. מססlexicon
  • DCH, s.v. מססlexicon
  • TDOT, s.v. מססtheological-dictionary

All attested forms of מָסַס

niphal imperfect 3ms

יִמַּס, יִמָּס

Deu 20:8, Isa 19:1, 2Sa 17:10, Isa 13:7

niphal consecutive-imperfect 3ms

וַיִּמַּס

Jos 2:11, Jos 5:1, Jos 7:5

niphal consecutive-perfect 3ms

וְנָמָס, וְנָמֵס

Exo 16:21, Psa 112:10, Ezk 21:7

niphal consecutive-perfect 3cp

וְנָמַסּוּ

Isa 34:3, Mic 1:4

niphal infinitive-construct construct

הִמֵּס

2Sa 17:10, Psa 68:2

niphal perfect 3ms

נָמֵס

Psa 22:14, Nam 2:10

hiphil perfect 3cp

הֵמַסּוּ

Deu 1:28

niphal consecutive-imperfect 3mp

וַיִּמַּסּוּ

Jdg 15:14

niphal participle m s absolute

נָמֵס

1Sa 15:9

niphal perfect 3cp

נָמַסּוּ

Psa 97:5

qal infinitive-construct construct

מְסֹס

Isa 10:18