StrongerBible

melukhah

מְלוּכָה

HebrewH4410kingdom, kingship, ...

Appears 24 times · tap a cell to see the verses

1Sa 10:161Sa 10:251Sa 11:141Sa 14:471Sa 18:82Sa 12:262Sa 16:81Ki 1:461Ki 2:15 (2×)1Ki 2:221Ki 11:351Ki 12:211Ki 21:7Isa 34:12Isa 62:3Ezk 16:13
Word studymeh-loo-KHAHnoun

What melukhah means

kingship: the royal office and the authority to reign as king

TranslatabilityApproximateCertaintySettled

This word names kingship in the abstract. It does not point to the land a king rules or the people under him, but to the royal office itself and the power that comes with sitting on the throne. It is the thing a man wins, loses, inherits, or hands on when he becomes or ceases to be king.

Most of its appearances sit inside Israel's fiercest struggles over the throne: Saul against David, Adonijah against Solomon, the tearing of the kingdom in two after Solomon. In those stories the word behaves almost like a prize passed from hand to hand. It then rises to its highest use when a psalm and a prophet declare that the kingship belongs to the LORD, that final royal authority is his and not any earthly king's.

Hebrew also uses the word attributively, to mean simply "royal." Attached to something that belongs to the crown, it gives us the royal city, a royal turban, and above all the "royal seed," a person of the reigning line.

It is a narrower word than מַמְלָכָה, which points to the kingdom as a realm, and than מַלְכוּת, which more broadly covers a reign, its span, and its dominion.

Nuances

1aroyal power: the office and authority of a king, as something held, taken, given, or fought over
1Sa 10:161Sa 10:251Sa 11:141Sa 14:471Sa 18:82Sa 16:81Ki 1:461Ki 2:15 (2×)1Ki 2:221Ki 11:351Ki 12:211Ki 21:7
1bthe LORD's kingship: royal sovereignty that belongs to God alone
Psa 22:28Oba 1:21
1croyal: belonging to the crown or the reigning line, as in the royal seed, the royal city, or a royal crown
TranslatabilityDirect
2Sa 12:262Ki 25:25Isa 62:3Jer 41:1Ezk 17:13Dan 1:3

What scholars say about melukhah

מְלוּכָה is a feminine abstract noun built on the root מלך "to be king," denoting kingship or royal dignity. The standard lexica (BDB, HALOT, DCH) agree on the sense and distinguish it from its near-synonyms: מְלוּכָה leans toward the royal office and the abstract of ruling, מַמְלָכָה toward the concrete realm or dominion, and מַלְכוּת (more frequent in the later books) toward reign, sovereignty, and kingdom broadly. Roughly a quarter of its occurrences are attributive genitives ("seed of the מלוכה" = royal line; "city of the מלוכה" = royal city). Ringgren, treating the whole word-group in TDOT, notes the theological high point in Psalm 22:28 (Hebrew 22:29) and Obadiah 21, where kingship is predicated of the LORD.

Sources

  • HALOT, s.v. מְלוּכָהlexicon
  • BDB, s.v. מְלוּכָהlexicon
  • DCH, s.v. מְלוּכָהlexicon
  • H. Ringgren, "מלך melekh," in Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament, vol. 8dictionary

All attested forms of מְלוּכָה

f s absolute

מְּלוּכָה, מְלוּכָה, מְּלֻכָה

1Sa 10:16, 1Sa 11:14, 1Sa 14:47, 1Sa 18:8, 2Sa 12:26, 2Sa 16:8, 1Ki 1:46, 1Ki 2:15