to hurt: to be in pain, in body or in heart, or to cause that pain in someone else
Biblical Hebrew builds this verb on one simple idea: hurt. Used one way it describes a person who is hurting. Used another way it describes a person who is doing the hurting. English works the same way with the word "hurt", which is why the two sides of this verb feel less strange to us than they look at first.
What the word does not do is separate the body from the heart. The same verb describes men still sore from a wound (Genesis 34:25) and a heart that aches in the middle of laughter (Proverbs 14:13). Hebrew treats those as one experience at different depths, so the physical edge is meant to be heard even where the pain is clearly inward. The two nouns built on the same root, both of them meaning "pain" (כְּאֵב and מַכְאוֹב), keep exactly the same breadth.
When the hurting is something one party does to another, the word turns weighty. Job 5:18 puts God on the giving end: he is the one who wounds and the one who binds up. Ezekiel 13:22 uses the same verb to separate real grief from manufactured grief, when God says he had not hurt the people the lying prophets were frightening. In both places pain has a source, and it matters who that source is.
One use stands off on its own. In 2 Kings 3:19 the target is not a person but a field: Israel is told to ruin every good plot of ground by covering it with stones. It is the only place the verb is aimed at land rather than a living body, and it works because a field spoiled past use is being handled the way a wound is.