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yitsḥaq

יִצְחָק

HebrewH3327Proper NounIsaac

Appears 108 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Gen 17:19Gen 17:21Gen 21:3Gen 21:4Gen 21:5Gen 21:8Gen 21:10Gen 21:12Gen 22:2Gen 22:3Gen 22:6Gen 22:7
Root family
Word studyyits-KHAHKproper noun

What yitsḥaq means

Isaac: the son of Abraham and Sarah, the promised heir and second of Israel's three founding fathers.

TranslatabilityApproximateCertaintySettled

Isaac is the long-awaited son God promised to Abraham and Sarah in their old age, and after Abraham he is the second of the three patriarchs Israel traces itself back to. His life fills much of Genesis: the near-sacrifice on Mount Moriah, his marriage to Rebekah, and the birth of his sons Esau and Jacob.

The name is a small Hebrew sentence meaning "he laughs" or "he will laugh," and the Genesis story turns that meaning into a running thread. Abraham laughs when God promises the child (Genesis 17:17), Sarah laughs in disbelief and is questioned about it (Genesis 18:12-15), and when the boy is finally born Sarah says God has made laughter for her (Genesis 21:6). The same wordplay resurfaces later when Isaac is seen "laughing" with Rebekah (Genesis 26:8).

Because he is remembered as the middle link in the chain of promise, his name settles into a fixed formula that echoes through the rest of the Bible: the God of Abraham, of Isaac, and of Jacob. In those passages the name is less about the man's biography than about the covenant God keeps across the generations.

Gen 17:19Gen 17:21Gen 21:3Gen 21:4Gen 21:5Gen 21:8Gen 21:10Gen 21:12Gen 22:2Gen 22:3Gen 22:6Gen 22:7

What scholars say about yitsḥaq

The lexica parse the name as a third-person imperfect of the verb צחק "to laugh," yielding "he laughs" or "he will laugh," the type of short sentence-name common among the patriarchs. HALOT and BDB treat the derivation as straightforward, and standard onomastic studies class it among the shortened sentence-names (an original subject such as a divine name likely dropped). The Genesis narrative exploits the root repeatedly around his conception, naming, and youth.

Sources

  • HALOT, s.v. יִצְחָקlexicon
  • BDB, s.v. יִצְחָקlexicon
  • Martin Noth, Die israelitischen Personennamen im Rahmen der gemeinsemitischen Namengebung (1928)monograph

All attested forms of יִצְחָק

m

יִצְחָק

Gen 17:19, Gen 17:21, Gen 21:3, Gen 21:4, Gen 21:5, Gen 21:8, Gen 21:10, Gen 21:12