the hand: the part of the body that grasps and works, and by extension the power, the doing, and the reach that a hand stands for
At its base this is simply the hand, the part of the body that takes hold, gives, strikes, and makes. Almost everything else the word means grows out of that one picture, the way English speaks of a matter being "in your hands" or something done "by the hand of" a person.
Because the hand is where strength is felt and exercised, the word slides easily into power and control: to be given "into the hand of" an enemy is to fall under their mastery. Because work passes through the hand, it slides into agency: something done "by the hand of" someone is done through them as the means. And because a hand is set at one's side, the word can mark a place or a side, the spot right next to a thing.
A few uses move further from the body and name objects or amounts shaped like a hand or counted out in shares: a standing marker or monument set up to keep a name alive, a portion or share of food or land, and the projecting parts of furniture and structures, the arms of a throne or the pegs and supports that hold boards together.
These are not separate words that happen to look alike. They are one word stretched across a wide range, which is why English needs many different words to carry it and why the senses below sort the same Hebrew word by what it is doing in each place.