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ḥatsotserah

חֲצֹצְרָה

HebrewH2689trumpet

Appears 29 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Num 10:2Num 10:8Num 10:9Num 10:10Num 31:62Ki 11:14 (2×)2Ki 12:13(14)1Ch 13:81Ch 15:241Ch 15:281Ch 16:61Ch 16:422Ch 5:122Ch 5:132Ch 13:12Hos 5:8
Word studykha-tso-tse-RAHnoun

What ḥatsotserah means

a trumpet: the long, straight metal trumpet blown by the priests, not a ram's horn.

TranslatabilityApproximateCertaintySettled

This word names one specific instrument: the straight metal trumpet, made to order by human craftsmen. The law commands two of them to be beaten out of silver so the priests can sound signals for the whole nation. That craftsmanship is the point of the word. It is not just any noise-maker but a manufactured instrument, and it belongs in the hands of the priests.

Its jobs are practical and public. A blast on these trumpets could call the people together, signal the camp to move, sound the alarm for war, or ring out over the sacrifices at festivals and new moons. In the later worship of the temple, whole ranks of priests blew them together with the singers and the other instruments, so the word turns up again and again in the accounts of grand ceremonies in Chronicles.

The reason this word needs its own entry is a near-twin. Hebrew has a second, more famous trumpet, the ram's horn, and English usually calls both of them "trumpet." This one is the crafted metal instrument of the priests; the ram's horn is a natural horn used more widely, including by ordinary people. Several passages sound them side by side, which shows the writers kept the two apart even when our English translations blur them together.

Num 10:2Num 10:8Num 10:9Num 10:10Num 31:62Ki 11:14 (2×)2Ki 12:13(14)1Ch 13:81Ch 15:241Ch 15:281Ch 16:61Ch 16:42

What scholars say about ḥatsotserah

The standard lexica (HALOT, BDB) and reference works agree that this noun denotes the straight metal trumpet, distinguished from the shofar (ram's horn). Numbers 10:1-10 prescribes two such trumpets of hammered silver for priestly signaling, and the Chronicler's cultic scenes make them a fixture of temple worship. Instruments of this type are well attested in the ancient Near East, and the pair of long trumpets depicted on the Arch of Titus is commonly taken to represent this Israelite instrument. Scholarship treats the sense as settled; discussion concerns the instrument's construction and liturgical use, not its meaning.

Sources

  • HALOT (Koehler-Baumgartner), s.v. חֲצֹצְרָהlexicon
  • BDB (Brown-Driver-Briggs), s.v. חֲצֹצְרָהlexicon
  • R. Laird Harris, ed., Theological Wordbook of the Old Testament (TWOT), s.v. חצצרdictionary
  • Jeremy Montagu, Musical Instruments of the Bible (2002)monograph

All attested forms of חֲצֹצְרָה

f p absolute

חֲצֹצְרוֹת, חֲצֹצְרֹת

Num 10:8, Num 10:9, 2Ki 11:14, 2Ki 11:14, 2Ki 12:13, 1Ch 13:8, 1Ch 15:24, 1Ch 15:28

f p construct

חֲצֹצְרוֹת, חֲצוֹצְרֹת

Num 31:6, 2Ch 13:12, Num 10:2

f s absolute

חֲצֹצְרָה

Hos 5:8