StrongerBible

ḥali

חֲלִי

HebrewH2482Proper NounHali

Appears 1 time · tap a cell to see the verses

Jos 19:25
Word studyResearch-gradekhah-LEEproper noun

What ḥali means

Hali: a town in the northern territory of Asher, named once in the roll of towns that tribe received

TranslatabilityApproximateCertaintySettled

Hali appears once in the Bible, in the list of towns given to the tribe of Asher in the north of the country. The writer simply reels the names off one after another: Helkath (חֶלְקָת), Hali, Beten (בֶּטֶן), Achshaph (אַכְשָׁף). Nothing else is said about the place anywhere. No story happens there, nobody is described as coming from there, and the name is never used again.

The reason the name gets a dictionary entry of its own is the way it is spelled. Written out in Hebrew it is exactly the rare poetic word for a fine gold ornament (חֲלִי), and it is built from the same three consonants as the common word for sickness (חֳלִי). Whether the town was actually named for jewelry, or for anything else, is unknown. The reference works list it as a place and make no attempt to explain the name, and nothing in the verse hints at a meaning behind it.

Where the town stood is not known, though its neighbors in the list mark out the general district well enough:

  • Achshaph, two names later, was a Canaanite city already known from Egyptian records long before Israel arrived.
  • Helkath, the name just before it, turns up again as one of the towns handed over to the Levites.

That run of names belongs to the coastal plain around Acco and the western edge of Lower Galilee. A ruin in that area, Khirbet Ras Ali, is often proposed for Hali, but the case rests largely on the similar sound of the later Arabic name, and no identification has won agreement.

Jos 19:25

What scholars say about ḥali

The single attestation stands in the town list of Asher (Joshua 19:24-31), in the sequence חֶלְקַת, וַחֲלִי, וָבֶטֶן, וְאַכְשָׁף. BDB, HALOT and DCH each carry the form as a toponym in its own right, distinct both from I. חֲלִי, the noun for a fine gold ornament, and from חֳלִי, the noun for sickness; none of them offers an etymology for the place name, and the separate concordance number reflects lexicographic convention for a toponym rather than an independent lexeme. No text-critical or lexical question attaches to the word itself; the open problem is geographical. Historical geographers read Joshua 19:24-31 as an administrative document covering the Plain of Acco and the western fringe of Lower Galilee, anchored at two points: Achshaph, attested as Akšapa in the Amarna correspondence and in Egyptian topographical lists, and Helkath, which recurs in the Levitical city list of Joshua 21:31. Within that framework the identification of Hali with Khirbet Ras Ali, in the hills inland from Acco, circulates widely in the historical geography and reference literature, resting largely on the apparent survival of the name, and the commentaries report it without endorsing it. Gal's survey of Iron Age Lower Galilee supplies the settlement pattern against which such candidates are weighed. No site has been securely identified.

In-depth research

This is a research paper, so it may be hard to read without scholarly background. It is useful if you want to dig even deeper into this word.

Sources

  • BDB, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (Oxford: Clarendon, 1906), s.v. חֲלִי (toponym)lexicon
  • L. Koehler and W. Baumgartner, The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament (Leiden: Brill, 1994-2000), s.v. חֲלִיlexicon
  • David J. A. Clines, ed., The Dictionary of Classical Hebrew (Sheffield Academic Press, 1993-2014), s.v. חֲלִיlexicon
  • Yohanan Aharoni, The Land of the Bible: A Historical Geography, rev. ed. (Philadelphia: Westminster, 1979)reference
  • Zecharia Kallai, Historical Geography of the Bible: The Tribal Territories of Israel (Jerusalem: Magnes; Leiden: Brill, 1986)reference
  • The Anchor Bible Dictionary, ed. David Noel Freedman (New York: Doubleday, 1992), s.v. "Hali"reference
  • Robert G. Boling and G. Ernest Wright, Joshua (Anchor Bible 6; Garden City: Doubleday, 1982), ad 19:24-31commentary
  • Richard D. Nelson, Joshua (Old Testament Library; Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 1997), ad 19:24-31commentary
  • Trent C. Butler, Joshua (Word Biblical Commentary 7; Waco: Word, 1983), ad 19:24-31commentary
  • Zvi Gal, Lower Galilee during the Iron Age (ASOR Dissertation Series 8; Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns, 1992)monograph

All attested forms of חֲלִי

noun

חֲלִי

Jos 19:25