StrongerBible

ḥazeh

חָזֶה

HebrewH2373breast, breast of the wave offering

Appears 13 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Exo 29:26Exo 29:27Lev 7:30 (2×)Lev 7:31Lev 7:34Lev 8:29Lev 9:20Lev 9:21Lev 10:14Lev 10:15Num 6:20Num 18:18
Word studykhah-ZEHnoun

What ḥazeh means

the breast of a sacrificial animal: the front cut presented to God and then kept by the priests as their portion

TranslatabilityApproximateCertaintySettled

This is a butcher's word that the law turned into a legal one. It never describes a living body. All twelve of its verses stand inside the rules for sacrifice, where an animal has already been killed and its parts are being divided up, and the question the law is answering is who gets to eat which piece.

The answer is the priests. In the shared sacrifice the Bible calls the peace offering, where the worshipper eats part of the meat, the same few steps repeat every time this word appears:

  • the fat is laid on top of the breast and carried to the altar to be burned
  • the breast itself is raised and presented before the LORD
  • what has been presented comes back to the priests, to be eaten by their families in a clean place

More often than not the breast travels in a fixed pair with the right thigh (שׁוֹק): the breast as the piece that is presented, the thigh as the piece that is handed over. Together they are the standing wage Israel owes the men who serve at the altar, and the pairing is so familiar that Numbers 18:18 can simply say the meat of a firstborn animal belongs to the priest "like the breast and like the right thigh" and trust the reader to know what that means.

Two verses sit slightly apart. At the ordination of Aaron the breast of the ram goes to Moses rather than to the priests, because Moses is the one serving at the altar that week. Nothing about the word changes there. It is the same cut, claimed by whoever is doing the priest's work.

Exo 29:26Exo 29:27Lev 7:30 (2×)Lev 7:31Lev 7:34Lev 8:29Lev 9:20Lev 9:21Lev 10:14Lev 10:15Num 6:20Num 18:18

What scholars say about ḥazeh

The lexica are unanimous on the referent. HALOT and BDB both restrict חָזֶה to the breast of a sacrificial animal, BDB noting that it is always the portion assigned to the priest or, at the ordination, to Moses; DCH files it as a homonym distinct from the verb חזה "to see", and the proposed Semitic etymologies (comparisons with Arabic and Syriac terms for the chest) remain inconclusive without unsettling the sense. The noun occurs 13 times in 12 verses, entirely within the priestly legislation of Exodus 29, Leviticus 7 to 10, and Numbers 6 and 18, and always in connection with the שְׁלָמִים or the ordination ram. Greek translators rendered it στηθύνιον, a diminutive of στῆθος, which marks it as a term of butchery rather than general anatomy. Scholarly discussion attaches less to the word itself than to the gesture and the distribution rules that surround it. Milgrom argued that תְּנוּפָה denotes elevation or presentation rather than horizontal waving, and stressed the distinction the law draws between the breast as a collective prebend for the whole priestly house (Lev 7:31) and the right thigh as the individual portion of the officiating priest (Lev 7:32-33); Levine and Wenham follow the same distribution analysis in their comments on Leviticus 7:28-34, and de Vaux treats both cuts as part of the standing revenues of the priesthood. The recurring fixed pair חֲזֵה הַתְּנוּפָה and שׁוֹק הַתְּרוּמָה is read as formulaic legal language rather than as two independently derived rules.

Sources

  • HALOT, s.v. חָזֶהlexicon
  • BDB, s.v. חָזֶהlexicon
  • DCH (Dictionary of Classical Hebrew), s.v. חָזֶה IIlexicon
  • Jacob Milgrom, Leviticus 1-16 (Anchor Bible 3, 1991), comment on Leviticus 7:28-34commentary
  • Baruch A. Levine, Leviticus (JPS Torah Commentary, 1989), comment on Leviticus 7:28-34commentary
  • Gordon J. Wenham, The Book of Leviticus (NICOT, 1979), comment on Leviticus 7:28-34commentary
  • Roland de Vaux, Ancient Israel: Its Life and Institutions (1961), on the revenues of the priesthoodmonograph

All attested forms of חָזֶה

m s construct

חֲזֵה

Exo 29:27, Lev 7:34, Lev 10:14, Lev 10:15, Num 6:20, Num 18:18

m s absolute

חָזֶה

Exo 29:26, Lev 7:30, Lev 7:30, Lev 7:31, Lev 8:29

f p absolute

חָזוֹת

Lev 9:20, Lev 9:21