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zakhar

זָכָר

HebrewH2145male, man-child, ...

Appears 82 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Gen 1:27Gen 5:2Gen 6:19Gen 7:3Gen 7:9Gen 7:16Gen 17:10Gen 17:12Gen 17:14Gen 17:23Gen 34:15Gen 34:22Exo 13:12Exo 13:15Lev 12:7Lev 15:33Lev 27:3Lev 27:5Lev 27:6Num 5:3Deu 15:19Jos 5:4Jos 17:22Ch 31:16Ezr 8:3Ezr 8:4Ezr 8:5Ezr 8:6Ezr 8:7Ezr 8:8Ezr 8:9Ezr 8:10Ezr 8:11
Root family
Names & words formed with this
Word studyzah-KHARadj

What zakhar means

male: of the male sex, as opposed to female, whether of people or of animals

TranslatabilityDirectCertaintySettled

This word names a creature's sex. It marks something or someone as male rather than female, and it does so for both people and animals. Unlike the everyday word for a grown man, it is not about adulthood, social standing, or being a husband. It is the plain category "male," which is exactly why it pairs again and again with its opposite, נְקֵבָה, the word for "female."

Because it is a category word, it does the work that sorting and counting require. It tells you which infants are circumcised, which people are numbered in a census, which firstborn animals belong to God, and which animal is acceptable on the altar. In each case the point is the same fact, sex, applied to a different setting.

The two senses below, the male person and the male animal, are not two different meanings. The word means "male" in both. They are kept apart only because the surrounding text is doing different things: in one the male is a person being counted or marked, in the other the male is a beast being set apart for sacrifice or as a firstling.

Nuances

1aa male human being, as distinct from a female
Gen 1:27Gen 5:2Gen 17:10Gen 17:12Gen 17:14Gen 17:23Gen 34:15Gen 34:22Gen 34:24Gen 34:25Exo 12:48Lev 12:2
1ba male animal, especially the unblemished male required for sacrifice or set apart as a firstling
Gen 6:19Gen 7:3Gen 7:9Gen 7:16Exo 12:5Exo 13:12Exo 13:15Lev 1:3Lev 1:10Lev 3:1Lev 3:6Lev 4:23

What scholars say about zakhar

The standard lexica treat this as a single word meaning "male" (the counterpart of נְקֵבָה "female"), applied to both humans and animals, and distinct from אִישׁ "man." It is widely connected with the verb meaning "to be sharp/pointed," though that etymology is uncertain and not needed to fix the meaning, which the contrast with "female" settles plainly.

Sources

  • Koehler & Baumgartner, HALOT, s.v. זָכָרlexicon
  • Brown, Driver & Briggs, BDB, s.v. זָכָרlexicon
  • Clines (ed.), Dictionary of Classical Hebrew, s.v. זָכָרlexicon

All attested forms of זָכָר

m s absolute

זָכָר, זָּכָר

Gen 1:27, Gen 5:2, Gen 6:19, Gen 7:3, Gen 7:9, Gen 7:16, Gen 17:10, Gen 17:12

m p absolute

זְּכָרִים, זְכָרִים

Exo 13:12, Exo 13:15, Jos 5:4, Jos 17:2, Ezr 8:4, Ezr 8:5, Ezr 8:6, Ezr 8:7