StrongerBible

vav

וָו

HebrewH2053hook

Appears 13 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Exo 26:32Exo 26:37Exo 27:10Exo 27:11Exo 27:17Exo 36:36Exo 36:38Exo 38:10Exo 38:11Exo 38:12Exo 38:17Exo 38:19Exo 38:28
Word studyVAHVnoun

What vav means

a hook: one of the metal fittings on the tabernacle's pillars, from which its curtains and hangings were hung

TranslatabilityApproximateCertaintyStrong

This is a builder's word, and it belongs to a single project. Every use falls inside the account of the tabernacle: first the instructions God gives Moses for the tent and its courtyard, then the report that the work was carried out exactly as described. In each case the hooks sit on upright pillars, and in each case something hangs from them: the curtain screening the innermost room, the screen across the tent's doorway, or the woven panels that fenced the courtyard.

The metal follows how near the hooks stood to that innermost room, which is one of the quiet ways the account marks off degrees of holiness:

  • gold for the hooks holding the curtain that screened the most holy place (Exodus 26:32)
  • gold again for the hooks on the five pillars at the entrance of the tent (Exodus 26:37)
  • silver for every hook on the pillars around the open courtyard outside (Exodus 27:17)

The word never appears for one hook by itself. It is always a set, made and installed together for a whole row of posts, and the account weighs the metal by the batch: of the silver collected in the census, 1,775 shekels went into making the courtyard hooks, plating the tops of the pillars, and banding them (Exodus 38:28). A hook here is less an object someone picks up than a fitting in a system.

Neighboring words do neighboring jobs. A clasp (קֶרֶס) joined one curtain panel to the next so the separate sheets became one covering, and a peg (יָתֵד) was driven into the ground to hold the tent's ropes taut. This word names the fitting on a post that let a finished hanging be suspended. It has nothing to do with the hook forced through a captive's nose or jaw (חַח), or with a fisherman's hook (חַכָּה).

Exo 26:32Exo 26:37Exo 27:10Exo 27:11Exo 27:17Exo 36:36Exo 36:38Exo 38:10Exo 38:11Exo 38:12Exo 38:17Exo 38:19

What scholars say about vav

The lexica agree on both the referent and the restricted distribution. BDB glosses וָו as "hook, pin, peg" and HALOT as "hook, peg," both noting that the noun occurs only in the plural and only within the tabernacle material of Exodus 26 to 38, invariably governing or suffixed alongside עַמּוּדִים, and regularly listed with the bands or fillets (חֲשֻׁקִים) and the sockets (אֲדָנִים) of the same pillars; DCH records the same thirteen attestations and no others. The etymology is thin: the noun is homographic with the traditional name of the sixth letter of the alphabet, and although a link with a Semitic root for fastening is often floated, no cognate set is securely established, so lexicographers generally leave the derivation open. What the fittings looked like is therefore inferred from function rather than from the word. Since both inner curtains and the courtyard hangings were suspended from them, reconstructions range from an S-shaped or J-shaped hook seated in the pillar to a nail or pin projecting from its top, and the lexica's alternation between "hook," "pin," and "peg" registers precisely that latitude. Commentators on Exodus (Houtman, HCOT; Propp, Anchor Yale Bible; Durham, WBC) treat the fittings within the larger problem of reconstructing the pillars, their capitals and their banding, while Haran's study of the tabernacle traditions notes the graded use of gold within the tent against silver in the court, a gradation the distribution of these hooks follows exactly. Exodus 38:28 supplies the one quantitative datum, the 1,775 shekels of census silver devoted to the court's hooks together with the plating and banding of the pillar tops. The suspension function is not in doubt; only the shape is underdetermined.

Sources

  • HALOT (Koehler-Baumgartner), The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament, s.v. וָוlexicon
  • BDB (Brown-Driver-Briggs), A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament, s.v. וָוlexicon
  • David J. A. Clines, ed., The Dictionary of Classical Hebrew, vol. 2, s.v. וָוlexicon
  • William H. C. Propp, Exodus 19-40, Anchor Yale Bible 2A (New York: Doubleday, 2006)commentary
  • Cornelis Houtman, Exodus, vol. 3, Historical Commentary on the Old Testament (Leuven: Peeters, 2000)commentary
  • John I. Durham, Exodus, Word Biblical Commentary 3 (Waco: Word, 1987)commentary
  • Menahem Haran, Temples and Temple-Service in Ancient Israel (Oxford: Clarendon, 1978)monograph

All attested forms of וָו

m p construct

וָוֵי

Exo 27:10, Exo 27:11, Exo 38:10, Exo 38:11, Exo 38:12, Exo 38:17

m p construct

וָוֵיהֶם

Exo 26:32, Exo 26:37, Exo 27:17, Exo 36:36, Exo 36:38, Exo 38:19

m p absolute

וָוִים

Exo 38:28