StrongerBible

hasah

הַס

HebrewH2013hush, be silent, ...

Appears 8 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Num 13:30Jdg 3:19Neh 8:11Amo 6:10Amo 8:3Hab 2:20Zep 1:7Zec 2:13(17)
Word studyHAHSverb

What hasah means

Hush!: a clipped order to stop talking at once, and the act of hushing someone into silence.

TranslatabilityApproximateCertaintySettled

This is less a word than a noise. Hebrew wrote down the sound people make when they shush one another, roughly what English spells "shh," and the sound hardened into something that could be given as an order and eventually used as a verb. That is why it is so short, and why in six of its eight appearances it is the whole sentence.

It turns up in three kinds of moment, and the distance between them is the distance between mild impatience and real fear:

  • a room is cleared or a weeping crowd is calmed so that something can proceed
  • people stop speaking because saying anything out loud has become dangerous
  • everyone alive is ordered to go quiet because God is about to act

The third use is the memorable one. Habakkuk, Zephaniah, and Zechariah each end a section by commanding the whole earth to hush before the LORD, and the word they reach for is the same one a man uses to clear a room of servants. It is not the hush of a quiet chapel. It is the hush of a courtroom when the judge walks in.

Hebrew has calmer words for silence. One of them (חָשָׁה) describes holding back from speech, and it stands right beside this word in Nehemiah 8:11, where the Levites are quieting the people even as they say "Hush." That word names the silence; this one is the order that produces it.

Nuances

1aHush!: an order that stops the talking or weeping going on right now.
Jdg 3:19Neh 8:11
1bthe silence owed to God when he is present or about to act.
Hab 2:20Zep 1:7Zec 2:13(17)
1cthe hush of dread: going quiet because speaking has become dangerous.
Amo 6:10Amo 8:3
1dto quiet other people, to get a crowd to stop.
TranslatabilityDirect
Num 13:30

What scholars say about hasah

The standard lexicons (BDB, HALOT, DCH) treat הַס as an onomatopoeic interjection, a written form of the shushing sound, glossed "hush!" or "keep silence!" From it Hebrew formed a denominative verb הָסָה, attested causatively in Numbers 13:30 (Caleb quieting the people before Moses) and in the intensive plural imperative in Nehemiah 8:11 alongside חשׁה. The prophetic formula הַס מִפְּנֵי with a divine title (Habakkuk 2:20; Zephaniah 1:7; Zechariah 2:13) is generally read as a summons to cultic or theophanic silence preceding judgment, and is regularly discussed alongside the dread-silence of Amos 6:10 and 8:3; Wolff and Paul treat the Amos instances as expressions of terror rather than of worship. The chief exegetical difficulty is the isolated הָס that closes Amos 8:3, which has no clear syntactic anchor: commentators divide over whether it is an exclamation of the prophet, an adverbial expression meaning "in silence" attached to the casting out of corpses, or a corruption. No lexicon treats the entry as more than one word, and the sense is not in dispute.

Sources

  • BDB (Brown-Driver-Briggs), s.v. הסlexicon
  • HALOT (Koehler-Baumgartner), s.v. הסlexicon
  • DCH (Clines, ed.), s.v. הסlexicon
  • Theological Wordbook of the Old Testament (TWOT), s.v. הסdictionary
  • Hans Walter Wolff, Joel and Amos, Hermeneia (1977)commentary
  • Shalom M. Paul, Amos, Hermeneia (1991)commentary
  • Francis I. Andersen and David Noel Freedman, Amos, Anchor Bible 24A (1989)commentary
  • Daniel I. Block, Judges, Ruth, New American Commentary (1999)commentary
  • Marvin A. Sweeney, Zephaniah, Hermeneia (2003)commentary
  • Robert D. Haak, Habakkuk, Vetus Testamentum Supplements 44 (1992)monograph

All attested forms of הַס

piel imperative 2ms

הַס, הָס

Hab 2:20, Zep 1:7, Zec 2:13, Jdg 3:19, Amo 6:10, Amo 8:3

hiphil consecutive-imperfect 3ms

וַיַּהַס

Num 13:30

piel imperative 2mp

הַסּוּ

Neh 8:11