StrongerBible

dur

דּוּר

AramaicH1753dwell, live, ...

Appears 7 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Dan 2:38Dan 4:1(3:31)Dan 4:12(9)Dan 4:21(18)Dan 4:35(32) (2×)Dan 6:25(26)
Root family
Word studyDOORverb

What dur means

to live somewhere: to have one's home in a place and stay settled there

TranslatabilityDirectCertaintySettled

This is the plain Aramaic verb for living somewhere. It says nothing about the kind of home, the length of the stay, or the standing of the resident. It simply puts someone in a place and treats them as settled there rather than passing through. In the Aramaic chapters of Daniel almost anything that has a home can be its subject:

  • whole peoples spread across an empire (Daniel 2:38)
  • birds making their home in a tree's branches (Daniel 4:12)
  • wild animals sheltering underneath that same tree (Daniel 4:21)

Its most memorable use is a sweeping phrase, "all who live on the earth." Two royal letters open by addressing exactly that audience, so that the king's word is presented as reaching every person alive (Daniel 4:1; Daniel 6:25). When Nebuchadnezzar finally praises the God of heaven, the same phrase turns back on him: everyone living on the earth counts as nothing beside the One who does as he pleases (Daniel 4:35).

One small detail shows how ordinary the word is. The tree dream is told twice. In the first telling this verb puts the birds in the branches (Daniel 4:12); in the retelling a few lines later the birds get a different verb for settling in (שְׁכֵן) and this one describes the animals under the tree instead (Daniel 4:21). The two words are close enough to trade places. Aramaic also has יְתִב for sitting or taking a seat, used of thrones and of a court in session, and the noun built from the verb here, מְדוֹר, names the dwelling place itself, which is how Daniel describes the years Nebuchadnezzar spent living among the animals.

Nuances

1aof people: to live in a place, to have one's home there
Dan 2:38
1bin the sweeping phrase "all who live on the earth": the whole population of the world taken together
Dan 4:1(3:31)Dan 4:35(32) (2×)Dan 6:25(26)
1cof animals and birds: to make a home in or under something, to shelter there
Dan 4:12(9)Dan 4:21(18)

What scholars say about dur

A Biblical Aramaic verb attested seven times, all in the Aramaic portions of Daniel (2:38; 3:31 [English 4:1]; 4:9, 18, 32 twice [English 4:12, 21, 35]; 6:26 [English 6:25]), in the peal only: two imperfects and four participles. The lexica are unanimous on a single sense, "to dwell, live," with no sub-senses beyond the contextual range of subject (human populations, birds, wild animals); HALOT's Aramaic section, BDB's Aramaic appendix, and Vogt all present it that way. The masculine plural participle carries most of the occurrences, and in Daniel 4:32 (English 4:35) it heads a noun phrase, דָּיְרֵי אַרְעָא, functionally equivalent to the Hebrew יֹשְׁבֵי הָאָרֶץ and to the participial phrases of the epistolary greetings in 3:31 and 6:26. The verb is cognate with the Aramaic noun מְדוֹר / מְדֹר "dwelling" (Daniel 2:11; 4:25, 32; 5:21) and with the rare Hebrew verb of the same spelling (Psalm 84:10; Ezekiel 24:5 is usually assigned to a homonymous root meaning "to heap up"). Note the verse-numbering divergence: the Aramaic text numbers the greeting of Nebuchadnezzar's letter 3:31, where English Bibles begin chapter 4, so the references given here follow the English tradition.

Sources

  • HALOT, s.v. דּוּר (Biblical Aramaic)lexicon
  • BDB, s.v. דּוּר (Biblical Aramaic section)lexicon
  • E. Vogt, A Lexicon of Biblical Aramaic, trans. J. A. Fitzmyer, s.v. דורlexicon
  • F. Rosenthal, A Grammar of Biblical Aramaicgrammar
  • J. J. Collins, Daniel (Hermeneia), on Daniel 2 and 4commentary
  • J. Goldingay, Daniel (Word Biblical Commentary), on Daniel 4commentary

All attested forms of דּוּר

peal participle m p absolute

דָיְרִין

Dan 2:38, Dan 4:1, Dan 6:25

peal participle m p construct

דָּיְרֵי

Dan 4:35, Dan 4:35

peal imperfect 3fp

יְדוּרָן

Dan 4:12

peal imperfect 3fs

תְּדוּר

Dan 4:21