StrongerBible

gid

גִּיד

HebrewH1517sinew, tendon

Appears 7 times · tap a cell to see the verses

Gen 32:32(33) (2×)Job 10:11Job 40:17Isa 48:4Ezk 37:6Ezk 37:8
Root family
Word studygeednoun

What gid means

sinew: the tough cord inside a body that ties muscle to bone and lets the frame hold together and move

TranslatabilityApproximateCertaintyStrong

This is the body's inner cabling: the tough, fibrous cords that fasten muscle to bone and let a frame bend, grip, and hold. Hebrew keeps one word for every such cord, where modern medicine separates tendon from ligament and both from nerve. So when a writer names what a body is built of, this word takes its place beside bone (עֶצֶם), flesh (בָּשָׂר), and skin (עוֹר).

Almost every use falls in a scene of a body being assembled or held together. Job says God knit him with bones and sinews. Ezekiel watches dry bones grow sinews first, then flesh, then a covering of skin. When Job's poem admires the bulk of a great beast, it points to the sinews of its thighs, woven tight as rope.

Because a sinew is strong and stiff at once, the word is ready-made for a picture of stubbornness. Isaiah tells a people who will not turn that their neck is an iron sinew: not simply unwilling to bend, but built so that it cannot.

One use hardened into a lasting practice. Genesis explains that Israel does not eat the sinew of the hip, because that is where the man who wrestled Jacob struck him. The verse names one particular cord in one particular place, and the custom it records outlived the story.

Nuances

1athe cords a living body is built with, named alongside its bones, flesh, and skin, and credited with its strength
TranslatabilityDirect
Job 10:11Job 40:17Ezk 37:6Ezk 37:8
1bthe sinew of the hip: one named cord at the socket of the thigh, which Israel does not eat
Gen 32:32(33) (2×)
1cin a picture of stubbornness: the stiff cord that makes a neck unable to turn
Isa 48:4

What scholars say about gid

The standard lexica (HALOT, BDB, DCH) treat גִּיד as a single noun for a sinew or tendon, with no homonym split and no separate lexeme for nerve or ligament; Biblical Hebrew simply does not differentiate the three, which is why the referent of גִּיד הַנָּשֶׁה in Genesis 32:32 remains open. Rabbinic tradition (b. Hullin 91a) identifies that cord with the sciatic nerve, while the lexica and most modern commentators render the phrase generally as the sinew of the hip or thigh and read the verse as an etiology attached to an already existing Israelite food custom (Westermann; Wenham). In Job 40:17 the plural construct describes the tightly interwoven sinews of Behemoth as evidence of its power, and in Ezekiel 37:6, 8 the term marks the first stage in the reconstitution of the bodies in the valley vision, preceding בָּשָׂר and עוֹר. Isaiah 48:4 uses the noun figuratively in apposition with an iron neck and a bronze forehead for obduracy.

Sources

  • HALOT, s.v. גִּידlexicon
  • BDB, s.v. גִּידlexicon
  • DCH, s.v. גִּידlexicon
  • Claus Westermann, Genesis 12-36: A Commentary (Continental Commentary)commentary
  • Gordon J. Wenham, Genesis 16-50, Word Biblical Commentary 2commentary

All attested forms of גִּיד

m p absolute

גִּדִים, גִידִים

Ezk 37:6, Ezk 37:8, Job 10:11

m s construct

גִּיד

Gen 32:32, Gen 32:32, Isa 48:4

m p construct

גִּידֵי

Job 40:17