to be strong and so to prevail: to overpower a rival, to be mighty or great, or to make someone or something strong.
At its core this verb is about strength that shows itself in action. When someone or something is stronger than what stands against it, it wins out, and that is the picture the word draws again and again: floodwaters rising until they overwhelm the whole earth, Israel getting the upper hand over Amalek as long as Moses holds up his hands, an enemy prevailing over a fallen city.
Strength does not always need an opponent to overcome. The same word can simply say that something is mighty, abundant, or towering: Judah rising above his brothers, a father's blessings surpassing all that came before, and, most memorably, God's steadfast love said to be as great over those who fear him as the height of heaven above the earth.
The word can also be turned outward, so that the strength is given rather than merely possessed. In this use God strengthens his people, a worker puts more force behind a blunt tool, and a covenant is made to hold firm. Turned back on the doer, it describes someone flexing strength defiantly, stretching out a hand against God, or the LORD himself going out mighty against his foes.
Because one idea of strength runs through all of these, English cannot settle on a single word for it. Translators reach for prevail, be mighty, be great, grow strong, strengthen, and confirm depending on what the strength is doing in the sentence.